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PSY study III
Test III
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biological Theroy | |
| Drive Reduction | the drive is going to motivate you to - (ex)drink when thirsty |
| Arousal Theroy | Diff= study for a final(tough test)minimize arousal, Easy Task= won't do it well cause bored and tired cause to easy. |
| Yer-Dodson Law | Difficult task cause you not to do it, less arousal. Easy = more arousal |
| Intrinsic Motivation | doing something and having joy doing it |
| Extrinsic Motivation | doing something because you get something out of it. |
| A hierachy of Motives (Maslow) | Pyrimids of needs: 5 motivations in order = Psycological needs-drink & eat, Need for saftey-roof over head & good neighborhood, Belongings & Loved-family & sugnificant other, Esteem Needs-self esteem & proceived by others(don't care what people think), |
| A hierachy of Motives (Maslow) | self actualization needs - arnarma. no matter what you situation is your happy. |
| Hunger and Thirst | regulated by hypothalamus |
| Lateral | tells you to eat |
| Ventromedial | tells you to stop eating |
| paraventricular | triggers food cravings |
| Hypo | monitors blood for glucose, insulin, fats, carbs, leptin - 20 mins for signal of being full gets to brain |
| Psychosocial factor | sight-commercials,cookie jar, smell-parking lot of a restarant, social setting-out with friends, conditioning-time of day, emotional eating-depression, celebrating-it's friday, Boredom-standing in front of pantry and stare. |
| Eating Disorders | (A feeling you don't have control)Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, Impact health |
| Obesity | over eating, not enough exercise, lots of sugar, fat, and salt(taste good) |
| Anorexia Nervosa | not eating, not getting enough nutrients, osteoprosis, bone fractures, off periods, smaller brain |
| Bulimia | Binging and Purging |
| Binging | Consume large quanities of food |
| Purging | vomiting, laxatives, extreme exercise |
| Impact Health | Dental damage, damage to throat and stomach, Cardiac arrythmia, metabolic defficencies, serious digest disorders |
| Achievement | a motive to work hard, a need to achieve. Moder to dif task, need to complete, clear goals, with feedback, need to know exactly what they are going to do, responsible for a progect and want to do it alone. |
| Sex Cycle in the moment | excitment, plateau, orgasim, resolution |
| vasoconstriction | blood from brain to genitals |
| sex is motivating | survival. pleasure, need for intamacy |
| Emotion | three componets of emotion=Physiological, Cognitive, behavoial |
| Physiological | heart pounding, crying sweating, etc |
| Cognitive | thoughts, perspective, evaluation reaction unique as a fingerprint |
| behavioral | facial expression, body language |
| Plutchik=Primary vs secondary of emotions | color wheel-8 basic emotions, combine emotions making more complicated,2 emotions from other cultures never heard of. |
| Primary emotion | six basic emotions that are universal of all languages and cultures |
| Secondary emotions | are the other emotion not in the 6 basic, bc they do not relate or are understood in other languages and cultures. Not universal to |
| James Lang Theory | Lang in a line- How we experiemence emotion, stimutus->physicological change->emotion (EX)spider->heart race->fear |
| Cannon Bard Theroy | Stimuli, causes physiological and change at same time |
| Facial Emotion | feedback hypothesis, faking your expressions, act happy, silly, goofy, laugh aloud(it will emotionally change you feeling for the batter. |
| Schachter Two-Factor Theroy | explains emotions because of situations |
| Non-VerbaL communication | 92% communication is non verbal, tone of voice, facial expressions, body language, personal space, explict acts |
| Passive Aggressiveness | rely on non verbal, instead of saying how you feel, you show it with emotions(non-verbal) |
| Pernatal Development | Hang out 7 days, travel time is two weeks, women body takes care of sperm, sperm hangs out by the fallopian tube, egg pops near where sperm hangs, 28 days, when egg pops out sperm attacks, egg picks a side-may cause some bleeding |
| Placenta | oragn developes in mother, connect fetus to mother, supply oxygen and nutrients, filters waste |
| Taratogenes | anything toxic that can cross the plecenta and harm the deveoloping baby |
| Phyisical development | growth is rapid in the 1st year, triple weight by first bday, grow 10in in hieght |
| Growth rate | slows down in 2nd year |
| check reflex | instinct relexes, motor, and feeding |
| Brain Development | grows 3/4 of its adult size by 2nd bday, fully devolpe by age 10 |
| reflex | involontary movement, rooting, sucking, and swallowing, grasping (hands and feet), stepping, babinski, moro, etc |
| Voluntary Movements | aquire skills in an order sequence, development Norms -walk 1yr, muturation-cephalocaudal(top, then down), Proximodistal(center then outward) |
| Perceptual Development- Vision | sees 8-10in away-newborn, improves by 6 months, 20/20 by 2yrs, dept perception by crawling age |
| Cognitive Development-Piaget | 4 stage model kids go through naturally |
| Sensory Motor | org experiences into category in brain(filling), object promance(object remainperment even though not in front of them. mental represention"Schemas"(learning through repedelly listening), self recognition in mirror-starts recognise them self) |
| Peroperational | 2-7yrs, language development, fantasy play, symbolic(dress up, talk on the phone)gestures, Egocentrism-relating things like thinking of others in their way of what they want. |
| Concrete | operational thinking 7-11yrs, thinking more flexable, learn better hands on, understand conservation(one sandwich 2 slices (older, four slices(younger) - younger thinks she has more |
| Formal | operational 12 plus yrs, developes abstract thingking, doing more in head |
| Parenting style | Boca-ish - love, disipline, communications |
| Authoritian | to controlling- your just a kid, parent cold-no effection, just no communication, Child gets- mood swings, truble communicating, distrustful |
| Permissive In-Different (allow)(don't care) | No control over kids, neglectful, no emotion support, no communication, child get-overly dependenant, lack in social skills and self control. |
| Permissive Indulgent (allow)(whatever you want) | very supportive, but no control, immature disrespectful, impulsivem and out of control, can grow out of that from bad experience |
| Authoritative | disiple-not to stick not to lean, warmth and caring love, communication-talks to each other and listens to each other, vents to each other, Child gets become self-reliant and social responsibile |
| Social Responsililty | easy to get along, fit in, genuine, respectful, trusting |
| Kohlberg’s 3 Stages of Moral Development | Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional |
| Pre-conventional | (birth to adolescence) Moral understanding is based on rewards/punishments. Ex: I don’t hit my sister because I will get in trouble. |
| Conventional | (adolescence to young adulthood) Moral understanding is based on complying with social rules. Ex: I don’t hit my sister because my parents will be disappointed in me. Or, I don’t hit her because you’re not supposed to hurt anyone. |
| Post-conventional | Moral understanding is based on personal standards of right and wrong, universal ethics, and abstract principles that apply to everyone. Ex: I don’t hit my sister because it’s wrong to hit people. |
| Growth spurt | 10 ½ years for girls 12 ½ years for boys |
| Puberty | Puberty signals sexual maturation Hormone shifts trigger rapid changes:Females breasts grow, pubic hair,Reproductive develope,Menarche–first period,Males voice deepens, pubic and facial hair,Reproductive develop,Spermarche–first ejaculation |
| Imaginary audience | Constantly feeling “onstage” Constantly feeling judged “I have a zit on my nose! I can’t go to school! |
| Personal fable | Unrealistic sense of own uniqueness “Nobody understands what I’m going through!” |
| Sense of invulnerability, immortality | The rules don’t apply to me Leads to dangerous risk-taking behaviors |
| Finding your identity (Identity Crisis) | 4 possible outcomes:Achievement,Foreclosure, Moratorium, Diffusion |
| Achievement – | you know who you are |
| Foreclosure – | you are what others want you to be |
| Moratorium – | actively exploring your options |
| Diffusion – | not even trying |
| Other issues adding to the “crisis” | Declines in self-esteem Increased rates in depression, suicide, violence, etc. |
| Personality Development | Babies are born with individual differences in personality that are reflected in their pattern of emotional reactions, Finding your identity |
| 4 Types of “Temperament | Easy,Difficult,Slow to warm up,Shy |
| Easy | good natured, adaptable |
| Difficult | moody, intense reactions to change |
| Slow-to-warm-up | cautious, mild reaction to change |
| Shy | timid, inhibited, fearful of change |
| Personality | unique pattern of thoughts and feelings and behaviors persist over time |
| Triait threroy | 5 factors model (The Big 5)Openness, conscientiousness, extro versiom, agreeableness, neuroticism |
| openness | (intellect)open minded, artistic, curious, brood culture intrest |
| conscientiousness | responsible, self disciplened, organized, achieveing, hard working, |
| extro version | sociable, outgoing, talkative, fun, loving, affectionate |
| agreeableness | good nature, soft hearted, cooperative, trusting, helpful |
| neuroticism | emotionally unstable insecure, moody anxious, etc |
| psychodynamic theroy | Frued - Behavior results from unconscious psychological forces |
| Behavior results from unconscious psychological forces: | Most mental processes are unconscious,Mental processes can be in conflict,Childhood experiences shape personality,Personality development involves learning to self-regulate our sexual & aggressive feelings |
| Frued Theroy | Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious |
| Conscious | thoughts you are currently thinking |
| Preconscious: | thoughts in the background, but easily accessed |
| Unconscious: | thoughts you are unaware of (repressed) |
| Our personality is made of 3 parts | Id, Super ego, Ego |
| ID | Personality instant gratification only cares getting what and don't care who they hurt - born with it |
| Super Ego | moral gardian knows right and wrong, doesn't make wrong dicisions. Wants to be well-mannered - parents teach this |
| Ego | (you)ID vs Super Ego, you in the middle making choices depending on events. |
| Defense Mechanisms | conflicts between ID and super ego causes anxiety |
| To avoid the anxiety | Rationalization-justifying something you’ve done,Repression-“forgetting” painful mem, Denial,Intellectualization-ignoring emotions, Reaction Formation,Projection-unacceptable feelings onto others,Displacement-impulses on someone less threatening |
| How Personality Develops | Urges within the Id push children to develop their personality through 5 “psychosexual” stages. |
| How Personality Develops | In each stages, pleasure must be satisfied to promote normal personality development. |
| How Personality Develops | If not, the child will become “fixated” in that stage, and will develop personality “quirks” as a result. |
| Oral-->Mouth | (newborn-2yrs)exploring world with mouth, bottle/toys, over and under feed will lead to anerexic or obesity |
| anal-->anus | (2-3yrs)start feeling something comming out. Feel the sensation. Parents yell when making mess cause child to become anal retentive, parents dont do anything child becomes slobs |
| Phalicstage-->Genitals | (preschool age:3-6 yrs) lerning new parts of body. Sensitive. don't make a big deal of it. |
| Latency-->None | (6-puberty)momma boys later daddy boys, or daayd girls then mamma girls |
| genitals-->genitals | (puberty to adult)relize what those parts are for and then uses them |
| Alfred Adler | Compensation and Inferiority complex |
| Compensation | ones effort to overcome imagined or real personal weakness. weak, wear too much make-up, act oppisote than really are. |
| Inferiority complex | fixation on feelings of personal emotions and social paralysis. Not liking something about your self and it taking over your life. |
| Jung | Emphasized unconscious processes, but suggested there were both positive and negative forces:Two forces of the unconscious mind,Collective Unconscious and Personal Unconscious |
| Personal Unconscious | Repressed thoughts, forgotten experiences, which may enter consciousness if something triggers it. |
| Collective Unconscious | Memories and behavior patterns that are inherited from past generations and therefore shared by all humans. |
| Horney | Personality development is shaped by our relationship with our parents as they raise us |
| Humanistic theories | stress the potential for growth and change,Focus on here and now, not the past We are responsible for our own lives. Given reasonable conditions, people develop in socially desirable directions. |
| Carl Rogers | when your personality does not match who you are, unditional positaive regard, Conditional positive regard |
| Personality Assessment | Yes/No or Multiple Choice Standardized Grading (no interpretation by the therapist) Limitations |
| Projective Tests | Rorschach Test Use of ambiguous stimuli The client “projects” their unconscious feelings onto the picture Therapist interprets the meaning Used by psychodynamic theorists |
Created by:
manava854
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