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Psychology Ch.9
Chapter 9 of Book Psychological Science (Gazzaniga, Heatherton, Halpern)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Motivation? | Factors that energize, direct, or sustain behavior |
| What is a Need? | State of biological or social deficiencies |
| What is the Need Hierarchy? | Maslow's arrangement of needs, in which basic survival needs are lowest priority and personal growth needs are highest priority. |
| What is Self-actualization? | A state that is achieved when one's personal dreams and aspirations have been attained. |
| What is Arousal? | Psychological activation, such as increased brain activity, autonomic responses, sweating, or muscle tension. |
| What is Drive? | Psychological state that motivates an organism to satisfy its needs. |
| What is Homeostasis? | The tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium. |
| What are Incentives? | External stimuli that motivate behaviors (as opposed to internal drives). |
| What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law? | According to this law, performance increases with arousal until an optimal point, after which arousal interferes with performance. |
| What is Extrinsic Motivation? | Motivation to perform an activity because of the external goals toward which that activity is directed. |
| What is Intrinsic Motivation? | Motivation to perform an activity because of the value or pleasure associated with that activity, rather than for an apparent external goal or purpose. |
| What is the Need to Belong Theory? | The need for interpersonal attachments is a fundamental motive that has evolved for adaptive purposes. |
| What is the Sexual Response Cycle? | A pattern of physiological responses during sexual activity. |
| What is the Sexual Strategies Theory? | Evolutionary theory that suggests men and women look for different qualities in their relationship partners because of gender-specific adaptive problems. |
| What are Emotions? | Feelings that involve subjective evaluation, physiological processes, and cognitive beliefs. |
| What are Display Rules? | Rules Learned Through Socialization that dictate which emotions are suitable to given situations. |
| What are Somatic Markers? | Bodily reactions that arise from the emotional evaluation of an action's consequences. |
| What are Primary Emotions? | Evolutionarily adaptive emotions that humans share across cultures; they are associated with specific biological and physical states. |
| Secondary Emotions? | Blends of primary emotions, including states such as remorse, guilt, submission, and anticipation. |
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