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RT Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accessory muscles of breathing | Assist the diaphragm and intercostals when ventilation demand increases, more active during forceful breathing |
| Acinus | Functional structure which is basic gas exchanging unit of lung, formed in last weeks of fetal development |
| Alae | Teo external flared openings |
| Alveolar-capillary membrane | Tissue that separates from blood in the lung, consists of alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium |
| Alveoli | Ducts that end in the lungs in clusters of these |
| Angle of Louis | Slight oblique angle where manubrium articulates with body of sternum |
| Anterior nares | Opening to the nose |
| Apices | Uppermost portions of the lungs |
| Carina | Bifurcation of trachea into right and left mainstream bronchi |
| Cilia | Extenstion of mucosal lining of respiratory tract |
| Costal cartilage | Fibrous tissues that connect ribs to the sternum and to each other anteriorly |
| Costophrenic angle | Acute angle where costal pleura meets the diaphragm |
| Cricoid cartilage | Ring of cartilage that forms the lower border of the larynx |
| Diaphragm | Large dome shaped muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen, primary muscle of ventilation |
| Ductus arteriosus | Vascular channel in the fetus that joint the pulmonary artery directly to the descending aorta, normally closes at birth |
| Ductus venosus | 2/3 of fetus blood flows through this to bypass the liver's circulation and flows into the inferior vena cava |
| Epiglottis | Flat cartilage that extends from the base of tongue backward and upward |
| Eusiachian tubes | Bilateral tubes that connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear and mastoid sinus |
| External nares | The two flared openings of the nose |
| External oblique | Abdominal muscle group that functions as an accessory muscle of ventilation |
| External respiration | Exchange between gas of the atmosphere and blood |
| Fissures | Narrow clefts or slits, the lines that divide or separate the lobes of the lung glottis |
| Foramen ovale | Openong in the septum between the right and the left atria in the frtal heart, provides a bypass for blood that would otherwise flow to the fetal lungs |
| Gladiolus | Body of sternum |
| Glottis | Variable opening between the vocal cords |
| Hilum | Vertical opening on either wide of the mediastinum through which all the airways and pulmonary vessels pass |
| Hypopharynx | Lower portion of the upper airway between the oropharynx and larynx |
| Intercostal nerves | Formed before birth and are the primary components of the somatic nervous system that carry nervous signals from the brain stem to the respiratory muscles |
| Internal oblique | Abdominal muscle group that functions as an accessory muscle of ventilation |
| Internal respiration | Exchange of gases between blood and tissues |
| Laryngopharynx | 3 parts of the pharynx |
| Larynx | Lies below the hypopharynx and is forme by a complex arrangement of nine cartilages and numerous muscles |
| Lobes | Major divisions of the lungs, right lung has three and left has two |
| Manubrium | Upper triangular portion of sternum |
| Mediastinum | Portion if thoracic cavity lying in the middle of the thorax, extends from vertebral column to sternum |
| Mucocilliary escalator | Stroking action of millions of cilia propels the surround mucus at a speed of about 2 cm per minute |
| Nasopharynx | Upper portion of airway behind nasal and oral cavities |
| Palate | Boney plate that separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavities |
| Parietal pleura | Thin membrane covering surface of the chest wall, mediastinum, and diaphragm |
| Pharynx | Region where the nasal and oral cavities open into |
| Phrenic nerves | Paired nerves that originate as branches of spinal nerves C3-5, lass down along th mediastinum |
| Pores of Kohn | Openings between th adjacent alveoli |
| Primary lobule | Single terminal bronchioles that supplies a cluster of respiratory bronchioles, also referred to as the acinus |
| Psuedostratified epithelia | Pertwining to epithelial cell type that appears to be organized in layers, cell actually contacts basement membrane |
| Pulmonary surfactant | Detergent like substance secreted into alveoli that reduces surface tension and stabilizes alveoli |
| Rectus abdominis muscles | A group of abdominal muscles that contributing to inspiration by contracting at end exhalation |
| Scalene muscles | Three muscles arising from the cervical vertebrae, inserting into first and second ribs, accessory muscles of ventilation |
| Segments | Minor divisions of lung, segment is associated with major branch of airway |
| Soft palate | Posterior portion of anterior roof of oral cavity |
| Sternal angle | Fused connection between manubrium and body |
| Sternocleidomastoid muscles | Originate from manubrium and clavicle and insert on mastoid process of temporal bone |
| Sternum | Elongated flattened bone forming the middle portion of the anterior thorax |
| Suprasternal notch | Located above the sternum, superior due of the manubrium which forms a shallow depression called a notch |
| Trachea | Large main intrathorqcic airway |
| True ribs | Pairs that are 1-7 and are attached directly to the sternum |
| False ribs | Pairs that are 8-12 and are either indirectly attached to the sternum or not attached to the sternum |
| Floating ribs | Pairs that are 11 and 12 and are not attached to the sternum |
| Turbinates | Boney structures that extend from the lateral walls of the interior nasal passages |
| Type 1 pneumocyte | Cuboidal epithelia that line the blind tubules of acinum continue to differentiate into flatter squamous epithelial cells |
| Type 2 pneumocyte | Cuboidal epithelia that line the blind tubules of acinum continue to differentiate into rounded secretory cells |
| Uvula | portion of soft palate that hangs down into the posterior portion of the oral cavity |
| Vallecula | folds that from a space between the tongue and the epiglottis which is a key landmark in intubation |
| Visceral pleura | thin membrane covered by mesothelial cells that cover entire surface of lung |
| Xiphoid Process | lower part of sternum |
Created by:
brianna_lynn
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