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Leach PSY chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| developmental psychology | the branch of psychology that studies the physical, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout the life cycle |
| maturation | developental changes that occur as a result of automatic, genetically determined signals |
| critical period | a stage or point in development during which a person or animal is best suited to learn a particular skill or behavior |
| reflex | an automatic, unlearned response to a sensory stimulus |
| infancy | in humans, the stage of life from birth to age two |
| childhood | the stage of life that follows infancy and spans the period from the second birthday to the beginning of adolescence |
| attachment | an active and intense emotional relationship between two people that endures over time |
| stranger anxiety | the fear of strangers that infants commonly display |
| separation anxiety | distress that is sometimes experienced by infants when they are separated from their primary caregivers |
| contact comfort | the satisfaction obtained from pleasant, soft stimulation |
| imprinting | the process by which animals form strong attachments during a critical period very early in life |
| authoritative | a leadership or parenting style based on recognized authority or knowledge and characterized by mutual respect |
| authoritarian | a leadership or parenting style that stresses unquestioning obedience |
| self-esteem | the value or worth that people attach to themselves |
| unconditional positive regard | a consistent expression of esteem for the basic value of a person |
| conditional positive regard | an expression of esteem given only when an individual has exhibited suitable behavior |
| assimilation | the process by which new information is placed into pre-existing categories |
| accommodation | the process of adjusting existing ways of thinking to encompass new information, ideas, or objects |
| sensorimotor stage | according to Piaget, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities |
| object permanence | the awareness that people and objects continue to exist even when they cannot be perceived |
| preoperational stage | in Piaget's theory, the stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet think logically |
| conservation | according to Piaget, the principle that the properties of substances remain the same despite changes in their shape or arrangement |
| egocentrism | in Piaget's theory, the inability of the preoperational child to understand another's point of view |
| concrete operational stage | according to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development during which children acquire the ability to think logically |
| formal operational stage | according to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts |
| preconventional moral reasoning | according to Kohlberg, a level of moral development in which moral judgments are based on fear of punishment or desire for pleasure |
| conventional moral reasoning | the level of moral development at which a person makes judgments based on conventional standards of right and wrong |
| postconventional moral reasoning | according to Kohlberg, a level of moral development during which moral judgments are derived from a person's own moral standards |
Created by:
CoachLeach
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