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6 Joe Sci ch 9
Chapter 9 Rocks and Minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many minerals have been identified? | 4,000 |
| Name two properties to identify minerals: | cleavage, luster |
| metamorphic means what? | to change form |
| If rocks have visible layers, they are what? | foliated |
| What determines the size of minerals? | how fast or slow it cools |
| The rock cycle can be defined as: | continuous cycle |
| inorganic, solid materials found in nature are called what? | minerals |
| What forms when melted rock material from inside the earth cools? | igneous rock |
| The remains or trace of a once-living plant or animal is called what? | fossil |
| What determines the hardness of a rock? | Mohs scale |
| What is the difference between Cleavage & fracture? | Cleavage has a smooth break Fracture has a hard brake |
| Inorganic solid material with a particular chemical makeup and orderly arrangement of atoms | minerals |
| Rocks are usually composed of two or more ________. | minerals |
| Minerals from ________ or lava or through evaporation or precipitation. | magma |
| Mineral formation clues include ______ and how mineral crystals fit together. | size |
| Properties - characteristics used to ________ minerals | identify |
| solid materials with repeating pattern of atoms are called _____ | crystals |
| some minerals have ______, splitting into thin sheets | cleavage |
| other minerals have ______, breaking into rough edges | fracture |
| Color or _______ (color of a powdered mineral) helps identify minerals. | streak |
| _____ describes how light reflects from a mineral's surface> | luster |
| Mohs scale uses _______ to classify minerals from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest) | hardness |
| _________ - compares weight of mineral with weight of an equal volume of water. | specific gravity |
| Other properties of minerals include _______, double refraction, taste, or reactions with acid. | magnetism |
| Common minerals - most rock-forming minerals are ______ or ______ | silicates carbonates |
| Rare minerals which can be cut and polished are______ | gems |
| Diamonds are produced under ______ beneath Earth's surface and brought to the surface by special volcanic eruptions. | temperature and pressure |
| An _____ contains enough useful mineral to be sold at a profit. | ores |
| Ores must be _______ to extract the mineral. | smelted |
| _____ - form from melted rock that cools | igneous rock |
| ______ igneous rocks form when melted rock cools on Earth's surface. | extrusive |
| _____ igneous rock forms when melted rock cools beneath Earth's surface. | intrusive |
| Light-colored often intrusive igneous rocks containing a high percentage of silica are called____. | grantic |
| Dark-colored often extrusive igneous rocks containing iron, magnesium, or calcium are called _____. | basaltic |
| _____ is melted rock that reaches Earth's surface and forms extrusive igneous rock when it cools. | lava |
| _____ can erupt, bringing a lava flow to Earth's surface. | volcanoes |
| Large cracks or ______ can allow melted rock to ooze out in a lava flow. | fissures |
| _____ is melted rock that does not reach Earth's surface; intrusive igneous rocks form as magma slowly cools under the surface. | magma |
| Crystal _______ is the main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock. | size |
| _____ igneous rocks have large crystals. | intrusive |
| _____ igneous rocks do not have large crystals. | extrusive |
| ______ rocks form in layers from broken rock, shells, plants, and other materials. | sedimentary |
| ______ rocks - made of grains from minerals or other rocks that have been compressed. | detrital |
| _____ rocks - form when mineral-rich water evaporates and from other chemical processes | chemical |
| _____ rocks - form from dead plants and animals that have been compressed. | organic |
| If the rock is produced from layers of plants, it is called _____. | coal |
| If the rock is produced from organic sediment in the ______, it is usually classified as limestone. | ocean |
| Chalk is a kind of limestone made from the _______ of tiny animals and algae. | fossils |
| Time, _______, and heat, and events such as erosion and moving land masses, make new rocks out of old rocks. | pressure |
| _______ - form when existing rocks are heated or squeezed; they recrystallize and might change chemically. | metamorphic rock |
| Rocks having visible layers or elongated mineral grains are called_____ rocks. | foliated |
| ________ rocks do not have layers or bands. | nonfoliated |
| _______ - rocks change from one type to another over millions of years. | rock cycle |
| The model, or ______, shows each rock on a continuing journey. | cycle diagram |
| A rock in ______ part of the cycle could become any other kind of rock. | magma |
| When do metamorphic rocks form? | when heat & pressure change rocks |
| What must be true for a substance to be considered a mineral? | it must be naturally occurring. |
| What kind of rocks are produced by volcanic eruptions? | extrusive |
| What is true about how all detrital rocks form? | form from grains of preexisting rocks |
| What are rocks usually composed of? | minerals |
| How can sedimentary rocks be classified? | detrital, chemical, or organic |
| What is true of all minerals? | they are inorganic solids |
Created by:
pkabbes