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Ch 8 Cogn and Lang
Language
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Language | symbol and a set of rules for combiningg them that provides a vehicle for communication |
| grammar | a set of rules for combining the words used in a given language |
| phoneme 2 | change in this changes the meaning of a spoken word, much as changing a letter in a printed word changes its meaning |
| phoneme | the smallest unit of sound that affects the meaning of speech |
| phoneme examples | - "tea" has a meaning different from "sea" - "sight" has a meaning different from "sigh" |
| morpheme | the smallest unit of language that has meaning |
| morpheme examples | because they have meaning, "dog" and run" are this |
| morpheme examples 2 | prefixes such as "un-" and suffixes such as "-ed" are this too because they have meaning , even though the words can not stand on their own |
| word | unit of language composed of one or more morphemes |
| syntax | the set of rules that govern the formation of phrases and sentences in a language |
| syntax 2 | a subject and verb must be combined in a sentence, adjectives typically appear before the nouns that they modify |
| semantics | rules governing the meaning of the words |
| semantics examples | the noun "bouquets" cannot be modified by the word "rapid" |
| deep structures | an abstract representation of the underlying meaning of a given sentence |
| surface structures | the order in which words are arranged in sentences |
| Noam Chomsky | Started a revolution in the study of language in 1965 |
| Noam Chomsky 2 | argued that if linguist looked only at the language that people produced, they would never uncover the principles that that account for all aspects of language |
| social conventions | |
| non-verb cues | |
| babbling | the first sounds infants make that resemble speech |
| babbling 2 | infants all around the world do this during there first year of life |
| babbling examples | babies shorten vocab to "da" "duh" "ma" |
| telegraphic speech | babies start using two-word combinations to form efficient little sentences |
| telegraphic speech 2 | they are brief and to the point, leaving out anything that is not absolutely essential |
| language acquisition device (LAD) | evidence that supports claim of a genetic predisposition for language comes from these studies |
| language acquisition device (LAD) 2 | child with this have trouble acquiring language despite having otherwise normal mental abilities, normal hearing, and adequate early exposure to language sounds |
| language acquisition device (LAD) 3 | runs in families; defect in the genes that normally provides use with grammar |
| critical period | a time in childhood during which we can learn language more easily that at any other time |
| critical period | after this these individuals are not able to combine ideas into sentences |
| bilingualism | understanding and effiecently using two languages at once, even before the critical period is over |
| balanced bilinguals | people who developed roughly equal mastery of two languages as a child |
| balanced bilinguals 2 | are superior to other cognitive flexibility, concept formation, and creativity |
| Benjamin Whorf | (1956) claimed that language actually determines how we can think |
| linguistic relativity theory | Designed by Benjamin Whorf claimed that language actually determines how we can think |
Created by:
jksboom
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