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Physical Sci
Chapter 5: Temperature and Heat
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at normal atmospheric pressure | Btu (British thermal unit) |
| the amount of heat necessary to raise one gram of pure liquid water one degree Celsius at normal atmospheric pressure | calorie (cal) |
| a temperature scale with 0 degrees C as the ice point and 100 degrees C as the steam point; common temperature scale worldwide | Celsius scale |
| the transfer of heat energy by molecular collisions | conduction (thermal) |
| the transfer of heat through the movement of a substance; transfer of heat through mass movement | convection |
| a measure of the disorder of a system; never decreases in an isolated system | entropy |
| a temperature scale with 32 degrees F as the ice point and 212 degrees F as the steam point; commong temperature scale in the US | Fahrenheit |
| matter that has no definite volume or shape | gas |
| a form of energy; energy in transit from one body to another as a result of a temperature difference | heat |
| a device that uses heat energy to perform useful work; converts heat into work | heat engine |
| a device used to transfer heat from a low-temperature reservoir to a high-temperature reservoir | heat pump |
| relates the pressure, volume, and absolute temperature of a gas; p1V1/T1 5 p2V2/T2 | ideal gas law |
| the unit of temperature on the Kelvin (absolute) temperature scale. A kelvin is equal in magnitude to a degree Celsius; same size as a degree Celsius | kelvin (K) |
| the "absolute" temperature scale that takes absolute zero as 0 K | Kelvin scale |
| the amount of heat necessary to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius; food calorie | kilocalorie (kcal) |
| a gas consists of molecules moving independently in all directions at high speeds (the higher the temperature, the higher the average speed), colliding with each other and the walls of the container, and having a distance between molecules that is large | kinetic theory |
| the amount of heat required to change one kilogram of a substance from the solid to the liquid phase at the melting point temperature | latent heat of fusion |
| the amount of heat required to change one kilogram of a substance from the liquid to the gas phase at the boiling point temperature | latent heat of vaporization |
| matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape | liquid |
| the physical forms of matter; most commonly, solid, liquid and gas | phases of matter |
| force per unit area; p=F/A | pressure |
| the transfer of energy/heat by means of electromagnetic waves | radiation |
| matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape | solid |
| the amount of heat energy in kilocalories necessary to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance one degree Celsius; water has one of the highest | specific heat |
| a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a sample | temperature |
| The law, which is based on the conservation of energy. Thermodynamic conservation of energy. | First law of thermodynamics |
| it is impossible for heat to flow spontaneously from an object having a lower temp to an object having a higher temp; tells what can and what cannot happehn thermodynamically | second law of thermodynamics |
| a temperature of absolute zero can never be attained | third law of thermodynamics |
| heat associated with a phase change | latent heat |
| describes gases in terms of moving molecules | kinetic theory |
| the dynamics of heat | thermodynamics |
Created by:
malrey3
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