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Physical Sci
Chapter 3: Force and Motion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a quantity of matter and a measure of the amount of inertia that an object possesses; a measure of inertia | mass |
| usually given as the symbol g; equal to 9.80 m/s2, or 32 ft/s2 | acceleration due to gravity |
| mvr for a mass m going at a speed v in a circle of radius r | angular momentum |
| the "center seeking" force that causes an object to travel in a circle | centripetal force |
| the angular momentum of a system remains constant unless acted upon by a net torque | law of conservation of angular momentum |
| the total linear momentum of a system remains constant if there are no external unbalanced forces acting on the system; occurs in the absence of an unbalanced force | law of conservation of linear momentum |
| any quantity capable of producing motion | force |
| the universal graviational constant, G = 6.67 x 10-11 N.m2/kg2 | G |
| the natural tendency of an object to remain in a state of rest or in uniform motion in a straight line | inertia |
| the product of an object's mass and its velocity; mass x velocity | linear momentum |
| resistance to relative motion | friction |
| SI unit of force; the unit of force in the mks system; 1 kg-m/s2 | newton (N) |
| an object will move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force; law of inertia | Newton's first law of motion |
| the gravitational force between two masses, m1 and m2, is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance r between their centers of mass; describes the forces of gravity; F = Gm1m2/r2 | Newton's law of universal gravitation |
| the acceleration of an object is equal to the net force on the object divided by the mass of the object; a=F/m; F=ma | Newton's second law of motion |
| a force about an axis; changes angular momentum | torque |
| a measure of force due to gravitational attraction (w=mg, on the Earth's surface); mg | weight |
| required for an object to float | buoyant force |
| mvr | angular momentum |
| gives the magnitude of the buoyant force | Archimedes' principle |
| a nonzero vector sum of forces | unbalanced, or net, force |
| whenever one mass exerts a force upon a second mass, the second mass exerts an equal and opposite force upon the first mass; action and reaction | Newton's third law of motion |
| What is the state of an object being acted upon by an unbalanced force? (3.2) | accelerated |
| What is a possible state of an object in the absence of net force? (3.2) | at rest; constant speed; zero acceleration |
| What is necessary for a change in velocity? (3.3) | an unbalanced force |
| According to Newton's second law of motion, when an object is acted upon by a net unbalanced force, what can be said about the acceleration? (3.3) | it is inversely proportional to the object's mass |
| For every action force, there is _________________? | an equal and opposite force |
| What is true of the force pair of Newton's third law? (3.4) | the two forces act on different objects |
Created by:
malrey3
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