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CWI PSYC 101 Chap 9
Psychology in Everday Life by David G Myers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior | motivation |
| the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need | drive-reduction theory |
| basic bodily requirements | physiological needs |
| aroused, motivated state often created by deprivation of a needed substance | drive |
| a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior | incentive |
| Maslow's pyramid of human needs; at the base are physiological needs that must be satisfied before higher-level safety needs, and then psychological needs, become active | hierarchy of needs |
| the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger | glucose |
| the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight | set point |
| the body's resting rate of energy expenditure | basal metabolic rate |
| an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight | anorexia nervosa |
| an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge-eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), fasting, or excessive exercise | bulimia nervosa |
| a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience | emotion |
| the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli | James-Lange theory |
| the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion | Cannon-Bard theory |
| Schachter-Singer's theory that to experience emotion we must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal | two-factor theory |
| a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing) | polygraph |
| the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness | facial feedback effect |
| emotional release. The ___ hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges | catharsis |
| our tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood | feel-good, do-good phenomenon |
| self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate our quality of life | subjective well-being |
| our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience | adaptation-level phenomenon |
| the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves | relative deprivation |
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