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Pharm - Ch. 84
Drugs That Weaken Bacterial Cell Wall (besides penicillin)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The mostly widely used group of antibiotics is known as... | Cepalosporins |
| List four characteristics of cephalosporins | 1) bactericidal, 2) beta-lactam antibiotics, 3) similar to penicillin structure, 3) usually given parenterally |
| Describe the mechanism of action for cephalosporins | They bind to PBPs |
| How can bacterial resistance to cephalosporins develop? | Production of beta-lactamases and altered PBPs |
| True or false: 4th generation cephalosporins are NOT affected by beta-lactamases | True. Third gen also not affected. |
| MRSA would be resistant to most cephalosporins | True |
| List some adverse effects of cephalosporins | Allergy (cross-reactivity with penicillins), bleeding, thrombophlebitis |
| What are the benefits of the newer generation of cephalosporins in contrast with older generations? | 1) better resistance to penicillinases, 2) better ability to affect G- bacteria, 3) increased ability of drugs to get into CSF |
| True or false: new cephalosporins are typically administrated via IM | False. Administrated via IV. |
| How many generations exist of cephalosporins? | 4 |
| Name a first generation cephalosporin | Cephalexin |
| Would you administer cephalexin to treat staphyloccoccus if a patient has history of mild penicillin allergy? | Yes |
| List a third generation cephalosporin | Cefotaxmine |
| When is cefotaxime indicated? | When person has meningitis or mosocomial infection resistant to other drugs |
| True or false: vancomycin used to treat G- microbes | False. Due to large molecular size, can't treat G- effectively |
| What is the mechanism of action for vancomycin? | Inhibits cell wall synthesis. |
| A person with a severe penicillin allergy should be given _____ because this drug has a structure different from penicillins and cephalosporins | Vancomycin. This drug has no beta-lactam ring or PBP binding therefore penicillin allergy not a factor. |
| True or false: vancomysin has restricted use | True. Only for severe infections and G+ bacteria |
| List adverse effects of vancomycin | Ototoxicity (especially when given IV), allergic reaction called red neck syndrome, thrombophlebitis |
| A patient develops itching, flushing, decreased BP, increased HR. This is known as red neck syndrome. How could a nurse have avoided this from occurring? | Infuse slowly to lower histamine release (histamine r/t allergic signs) |
| True or false: a patient on vancomycin develops flushing, tachycardia, and hypotension. A nurse thinks this allergic reaction is related to the patient's history of penicillin allergy. What do you tell her? | Tell her vancomycin-induced allergic reactions are not at all related to penicillin allergies |
Created by:
choel
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