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A&P Ch 11- Blood
Blood (Connective Tissue)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The liquid part of blood is called _____________ | Plasma |
| Blood _________ is plasma minus its clotting factors such as fibrinogen. | Serum |
| Which plasma protein controls blood volume and thickening of the blood? | Albumin |
| Which plasma protein contains antibodies for protection against infection? | Globulins |
| Which plasma protein is responsible for blood clotting? | Fibrinogen |
| Most adults have between ___ and ____ liters of blood and accounts for 7% - 9% body weight. | 4 and 6 liters |
| Name the 3 main types of formed elements in blood. | 1. Erythrocytes 2. Leukocytes 3. Thrombocytes |
| In the formed elements what is a normal number of each element in 1 cubic millimeter (about a drop) | 5,000,000 RBC; 7,500 WBC; 300,000 platelets |
| The 2 types of tissue that make blood cells for the body are? | Myeloid and Lymphatic tissue |
| Mature RBC's have or do not have a nucleus? | Do not have a nucleus |
| What are the 2 main functions of RBC's? | Carry CO2 and O2 |
| The protein in RBC's that carry oxygen is called? | Hemoglobin |
| When hemoglobin combines with CO2 it is called what? | Carbaminohemoglobin |
| When hemoglobin combines with O2 what is it called? | Oxyhemoglobin |
| This term is used to describe a number of different disease conditions caused by an inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body cells. | Anemia |
| Anemia can result from inadequate numbers of RBC's or a deficiency in what protein? | Hemoglobin |
| Myeloid tissue is better known as what? | Red bone marrow |
| Myeloid tissue forms all types of blood cells except which 2? | Lymphocytes and Monocytes |
| What tissue forms Lymphocytes and Monocytes? | Lymphatic tissue (lymph nodes, thymus, & spleen) |
| Aplastic anemia is characterized by reduction in RBC's following destruction of what? | Myeloid tissue (Blood forming elements in bone marrow) |
| This type of anemia is used to describe a deficiency of RBC's that results from a failure of the stomach lining to produce "intrinic factor" - the substance that allows vitamin B12 to be absorbed. | Pernicious Anemia |
| This type of anemia causes solid crystals to form when blood oxygen is low and causes distortion of the RBC | Sickle Cell Anemia |
| This is a critical component of the hemoglobin molecule and without adequate supplies in the diet the body cannot manufacture enough hemoglobin. | Iron |
| The chief complaint of iron deficient anemia is which causes an inadequate supply of oxygen transported to cells? | Feeling tired all of the time |
| When bone marrow produces an excess of RBC's the condition is called what? | Polycythemia |
| Individuals suffering from _____________ may contain so many RBC's that the blood may become to thick to flow properly | Polycythemia |
| Normally, what percent of blood volume contains RBC's? | 45% |
| This test measures the total volume of RBC's in the blood. | Hematocrit Test |
| In the hematocrit test, WBC's and Platelets settle out in a layer called _________ coat. | Buffy |
| This can cause a false Hematocrit test resulting in a high RBC volume. | Dehydration |
| Name the 3 granulocytic WBC's: (hint NEB) | 1. Neutrophils, 2. Eosinophils, 3. Basophils |
| Name the 2 agranulocytic WBC's: | 1. Lymphocytes, 2. Monocytes |
| Agranulocytes are produced by what tissue? | Lymphatic tissue |
| A __________ WBC count measures the proportions of each type of WBC's and is an important diagnostic tool | Differential |
| This term refers to an abnormally low WBC count (below 5000 in 1 cubin mm) | Leukopenia |
| This term is used with an abnomally high WBC count (above 10,000 in 1 cubic mm) | Leukocytosis |
| _____________ always accompanies a bacterial infection. | Leukocytosis |
| This is the most numberous active WBC and is a phagocyte that protects the body from invading microorganisms | Neutrophils |
| Which WBC protects the body against parasites and is also involved in allergic reactions | Eosinophils |
| This WBC secretes histamines during inflammatory reactions. | Basophils |
| Basophils produce 2 products, what are they? | Histamines and Heparin |
| What is heparin used for in the body? | Anticoagulant as blood flows through the body. |
| This is the largest WBC and is also a Phagocyte. | Monocyte |
| This type of Monocyte has grown to several times their normal size and termed for "Large Eaters" | Macrophages |
| This WBC protects the body against infection and are broken down into 2 types. | Lymphocytes |
| This type of lymphocyte SECRETES ANTIBODIES that specifically act to destroy certain bacteria. | B-Lymphocytes |
| This type of lymphocyte protects the body by directly attacking bacteria or cancerous cells. | T-Lymphocytes |
| This is a term used to describe a number of blood cancers and in almost every form causes an elevated WBC count. | Leukemia |
| The first step in blood clotting is what? And causes a rough spot in the normally smooth lining. | An injury to a blood vessel |
| What must be present in the blood to change prothrombin to thrombin | Calcium |
| In the last step of blood clotting thrombin reacts with ___________ to change it to a fibrous gel called _________. | Fibrinogen to fibrin |
| Name the chemical chain to blood clotting | Prothrombin Activator; Prothrombin turns to Thrombin; Thrombin reacts with Fibrinogen and turns it to Fibrin (mesh). |
| What vitamin must be present for synthesis of Prothrombin | Vitamin K |
| A blood clot that stays in place is called _________. A blood clot that travels within the body is called an ____________. | Thrombus; Embolism |
| Blood type A has what Antigen and What Antibody? | Antigen A; Antibody B |
| This is a substance that can activate the immune system to make certain responses, including the production of antibodies. | Antigen |
| This is a substance made by the body in a response to stimulation by an antigen. | Antibody |
| In type A blood, what protein is in the RBC's and what is in the plasma? | Type A antigen in the RBC's; and anti-B antibodies in the plasma |
| Type B blood contains what antigen and what antibody? | Type B antigen; type A antibodies |
| Type AB blood contains what antigen and what antibody? | Type A & B Antigens; no antibodies |
| Type O blood contains what antigen and what antibody? | No Antigens; type A & B antibodies |
| Which blood is the universal donor? | O- |
| Which blood is the universal recipient? | AB+ |
| Type AB+ blood has which antigens and which antibodies? | Type AB & Rh antigen and no antibodies |
| Type A- blood has which antigen and which antibodies? | A antigen; B, Rh antibodies |
| B+ blood has which antigen and which antibody? | B & Rh antigen; A antibodies |
| If a blood is negative what does that mean for the Rh antigen? | No Rh antigen, but does have Rh antibody |
| Which blood has no antigens present? What antibodies does it have? | O-; Antibodies A,B, Rh |
| Which blood has all antigens present but no antibodies? | AB+ |
| What is more common Rh+ or Rh-? | Rh+ |
| What is a dangerous situation that could occur if a mother that has Rh- blood and the father has Rh+ blood? | Erythroblastosis Fatalis |
| If a type O person receives a donors blood that is type A, B or AB what would be the result? | The blood would clump |
| A critical component of hemoglobin is? | Iron |
| What can the mother be treated with to stop her Rh negative blood from producing Rh antibodies? | RhoGAM |
| This WBC protects the body from invading microorganisms: | Neutrophils |
| The WBC involved in inflammatory reactions: | Basophils |
| Parasitic fighters; Also involved in allergic reactions: | Eosinophils |
| This WBC is Immune Response: | Lymphocytes |
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foster1317
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