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Biomechanics Chp 6
Functional Anatomy of the Lower Extremities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of the pelvic girdle? | Supports weight of the body, increases range of motion in lower extremity. Is the site of muscular attachment for 28 trunk and thigh muscles. |
| Angle of Inclination? | The angle of the femoral neck with respect to the shaft of the femur in the frontal plane. Approximately 125 degrees. Larger at birth by 20-25 degrees. Gets smaller as person matures. |
| Coxa Valga? | Angle of inclination greater than 125 degrees. Lengthens limb, reduces the effectiveness of the hip abductors, increases the load on the femoral head and decreases stress on the femoral neck. |
| Coxa Vara? | Angle of inclination that is less than 125 degrees, shortens the limb, increases effectiveness of the hip abductors, decreases the load on the femoral head and increases stress on the femoral neck. |
| Which position gives the hip abductors a mechanical advantage needed to counteract the forces produced by body weight? | Coxa Vara. |
| Hamstring muscles? | A group of muscles on the posterior thigh consisting of the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris. |
| Pelvifemoral rhythm? | Coordinated movements between the pelvis and the hip joint. |
| Sartorius muscle? | Two joint muscle originating at the anterior superior iliac spine and crossing the knee joint to the medial side of the proximal tibia. |
| Function of the sartorius? | Weak fusiform muscle producing abduction and external rotation in addition to the flexion action of the hip. |
| Rectus femoris? | Two-joint muscle, it acts as an extensor of the knee, and is another hip flexor. |
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament? (ACL) | Primary restraint for anterior movement of the tibia relative to the femur. Accounts for 85% of the total restraint in this direction. 40% longer than the PCL, elongates by 7% as the knee moves from extension to 90 degrees. |
| Posterior Cruciate Ligament? (PCL) | Primary restraint to posterior movement of the tibia on the femur, accounting for 95% of the total resistance to this movement |
| Q-Angle? | Represents the valgus stress acting on the knee and if it is excessive, many patellofemoral problems can develop. |
| Genu Valgum? | "Knock-Knees" Any Q-angle over 17 degrees, considered to be excessive. |
| Genu Varum? | A very small Q-angle, constitutes bowleggedness. |
| Chondromalacia patellae? | Some patellofemoral pain syndromes are associated with cartilage destruction, in which the cartilage underneath the patella becomes soft and fibrillated. |
| Morton's Toe? | Contact time of the second metatarsal is longer than that of the first metatarsal. The pressure on the head of the second metatarsal is greatly increased. |
| What are the phases of walking? | Loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, forward swing, terminal swing. |
Created by:
czap
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