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Pharm - Ch. 57

Drugs for Thyroid Disorders

QuestionAnswer
If a patient has HYPOthyroidism, their levels of thyroid hormone ____ while their levels of TSH _____ Decrease, increase
If a patient has HYPERthyroidism, their levels of thyroid hormone ___ while their levels of TSH ______ Increase, decrease
True or false: thryoid hormone can be converted from T3 to T4 and vice versa True
True or false: T3, T4, TSH cannot be measured in the blood False. They can be measured in blood
What are the principal actions of the thyroid? Stimulation of energy use, stimulation of heart, promotion of growth and development
Deficiency of thyroid hormone can cause... Hypothyroidism, myxedema (adults), cretinism (infants)
What is the clinical presentation of hypothyroidism? Patient will have pale, puffy, expressionless face. Cold and dry skin. Hair is brittle and hair loss occurs. Heart rate, temp lowered. Mentality may be impaired. Complaints of lethargy, fatigue, intolerance to cold.
What are some causes of hypothyroidism? Lack of iodine, surgery (removal of thyroid tissue), autoimmune disease, lack of TSH/TRH
What drugs are used to treat hypothyroidism? Levothyroxine (T4), and liothyronine (T3). Tip: levo = 4 letters, lio = three letters
Which hormone is more commonly given? T3 or T4? T4 aka levothyroxine
Levothyroxine is highly _____ bound Protein
What is the half-life of levothyroxine? 1 week
What are adverse effects of levothyroxine? Tachycardia, angina, tremors
List three types of hyperthyroidism Graves' disease, toxic nodular goiter, thyrotoxic crisis
Graves' disease is caused by... excessive thyroid hormone secretion
Graves' disease is mainly treated by... surgery, radiation, PTU med
Toxic nodular goiter is defined as... Thryoid adenoma.
Toxic nodular goiter is mainly treated by... Surgery or radiation
Thyrotoxic crisis is caused by Extremely high thyroid hormone levels
What is the mainstay treatment of thyrotoxic crisis? Potassium iodide to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis. Or beta blocker
PTU stands for what? And what is it used for? PTU = propylthiouracil. Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis in Graves' disease and thyrotoxic crisis.
What are some SE of PTU? Agranulocytosis (especially within first 2 months of therapy), hypothyroidism (due to excessive dosing), neonatal hypothyroidism (when drug crosses placenta/enters breast milk)
Why would PTU be more beneficial than surgery or radiation? PTU works for a shorter period of time (due to short half life) and is reversible (whereas surgery/radiation is more permanent)
What is an isotope that is used for hyperthyroidism? Radioactive iodine-131
Who can receive iodine-131 for treatment? Adults. Contraindicated in pediatrics, pregnancy, lactation
What is the action of iodine-131? Causes clinical remission of symptoms by destroying the thyroid tissue
Created by: choel
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