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Drugs
Pharmacology for Nurses 3rd Edition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -ase, -plase | Thrombolytic agent (-ase usually indicates enzyme){alteplase, anisterplase, reteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase} |
| -azole | Antifungal antimicrobial {clotrimazole, edorazole, fluconazole, itraconazole,, ketoconazole, miconazole, variconazole} |
| cef-, ceph- | Cephalosporin, antibiotic; check allergy to this class and penicillins {cefazolin, cephalexin, cefotetan, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, many others} |
| -cillin | Penicillin, antibiotic; check allergy {amoxicillin, nafcillin oxacillin, penicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, and many others} |
| -cycline | Tetracycline,antibiotic {doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline |
| -dipine | Calcium channel blockers, antianginal, antihypertensive {amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, Nifedipine, nisoldipine} |
| -dronate | Biphosphonate, bone resorption inhibitor {alendronate, etidronate, pamidronate, risedronate} |
| -floxacin | Fluoroquinolone, antibiotic {ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, sparfloxacin} |
| -micin, -mycin | Aminoglycoside, antibiotic {gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netimicin paromomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin} Does not include macrolide type antibiotics such as erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin |
| nite-, -nitr- | Nitrate,vasodilator,antianginal {isosorbide dinitrate or monaonitrate, nitroglycerin} |
| -olo, -lol | Beta adrenergic blocker, antihypertensive and/or antianginal {atenolol, betaxolo, bisoprolo, metoprolol, nadolol, propranolol, timolol |
| -parin | Anticoagulant, heparin or heparinoid {ardeparin, dalteparin, danaparoid, enoxaparin heparin, tinaxapain} |
| -phylline | Xanthine type of bronchodilator {aminophylline, theophylline} |
| -prazole | GI proton pump inhibitor, antiulcer {lansoprazole, ameprazole} |
| -pril | Angiotensin convert enzyme (ACE ) inhibitor, antihypertensive {benazepril, captopril enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril moexepril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril) |
| Sal-, -sal- | Contains salicylate; check allergy to Salicylates or aspirin {salsalate (nonopioid analgesic), sulfasalazine (GI anti-inflammatory)} |
| -sartan | Angiotensin II receptor antagonist, antihypertensive {candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, olmesartan, telminsartan, valsartan) |
| -sone, -lone, pred- | Corticosteriod {betamethasone, cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisolone, prednisone,, triamcinolone, others} |
| -statin | HMG-Coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, lipid lowering agent {atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastain, rosuvastatin, simvastatin} |
| Sulfa- | sulfonamide, antibiotic; check allergy to sulfa {sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole} |
| -terol | Adrenergic type of bronchodilator {albuterol, bitolterol, formoterol, levabuterol, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, almeterol} |
| -tidine | Histamine H2 antagonist (GI), antiulcer {cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, ranitidine} |
| -triptan | Vascularheadache suppressant, serotonin (5-HT1) agonist {almotriptan, naratriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan) |
| -vir | Antiviral antiinfective {acyclovir, cidofovir, famciclovir, gangciclovir, valacyclovir, others} |
| -zepan, -zolam | Benzodiazepine, antianxiety, sedative/hypnotic {diazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, alprazolam. Midazolam} |
| -zosin | Peripherally acting alpha-1 blocker, antihypertensive {doxazocin, prazosin, terazosin} |
| ac | before meals |
| ACE | angiotensin converting enzyme |
| ARB | angiotensin II receptor blocker |
| ASA | acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) |
| Bid | two times a day |
| cc | cubic centimeter |
| COX | cyclooxygenase |
| DMARD | disease modifying antirheumatic drug |
| DPI | dry powder inhaler |
| Gm | gram |
| h,hr | hour |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| IM | intramuscular(ly) |
| IV | intravenous(ly) |
| kg | kilogram |
| KVO | keep vein open |
| l, L | litter |
| MAOI | monoamine oxidase inhibitor |
| MDI | metered dose inhaler |
| mg | milligram |
| ml,mL | milliliter |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| OTC | over-the-counter |
| pc | after meals |
| PO | oral, by mouth |
| PPD | purified protein derivative |
| PR | per rectum |
| PRN | as needed |
| q | every |
| qid | four times a day |
| qod | every other day |
| subQ/SQ | subcutaneous(ly) |
| sl | sublingual |
| stat | immediately |
| tid | three times a day |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-acetaminophen (Tylenol) | 0.2-0.6 mg/dL; toxic: > 5 mg/dL |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-carbamazepine (Tegretol) | 4-12 mcg/mL |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-digoxin (Lanoxin) | 0.5-2.0 ng/mL |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-lidocaine (xylocaine HCI) | 1.5-6.0 mcg/mL |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-lithium (Eskalith) | 0.5-1.5 mEq/L |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-phenytoin (Dilantin) | 10-20 mcg/mL |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-procainamide (Pronestyl) | 4-8 mcg/mL |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-quinidine (Quinalgute) | 2-6 mcg/mL |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-salicylate (acetylasalicylic acid; Aspirin) | 100-200 mg/L; toxic: >200 mg/L |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-theophylline (Theo-Dur) | 10-20 mcg/mL |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-valproic acid (Dapakene) | 50-100 mcg/mL |
| Therapeutic Serum Drug Level-vancomycin (Vancocin) | 30-40 mg/mL (peak); 5-10 mg/mL (trough) |
| mcg | microgram |
| mEq | milliequivalent |
| ng | nanogram |
| Antidote for-Acetaminophen (Tylenol) | acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
| Antidote for-Anticholnergics | physotigmine(Antilirium) |
| Antidote for-Benzodiazepines | flumazenil (Romazicon) |
| Antidote for-Calcium channel blockers | calcium chloride, calcium gluconate |
| Antidote for-cyanide or nitrate | methylene blue (Urolene blue) |
| Antidote for-Digoxin (Lanoxin) | digoxin immune fab (Digibind) |
| Antidote for-Heparin | protamine sulfate |
| Antidote for-Iron | deferoxamine (Desferal) |
| Antidote for-Insulin | glucagon |
| Antidote for-Lead | succimer (Chemet) |
| Antidote for-Opioids | naloxone (Narcan); nalfemene (Revex) |
| Antidote for-Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) | vitamin K (Aquamephton) |
| Mechanism of Action-Beta Blockers | Decrease the heart rate and myocardial contractility, reducing cardiac output |
| Mechanism of Action-Diuretics | Increase urine output and decrease fluid volume |
| Mechanism of Action-ACE Inhibitors | Block formation of angiotensin II, causing vasodilation and block aldosterone secreations, decreasing fluid volume |
| Mechanism of Action-Angiotensin receptor blockers | Prevent angiotensin II from reaching its receptors, causing vasodilation |
| Mechanism of Action-Calcium channel blockers | Block calcium ion channels in arterial smooth muscle, causing vasodilation |
| Mechanism of Action-Direct vasodilators | Act on the smooth muscle of arterioles, causing vasodilation |
| Mechanism of Action-Alpha1 blockers | Inhibit sympathetic activation in arterioles, causing vasodilation |
| Mechanism of Action-Alpha2 agonists | Decrease sympathetic inpulses from the CNS to the heart and arterioles, causing vasodilation |
Created by:
mj8792
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