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5010 Mid Existential
5010 Midterm - Existential Theory Concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Initial phase | phase, assist clients in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world |
| Initial phase | phase, examination of values, beliefs and assumptions to determine their validity |
| Middle phase | phase, Clients are encouraged to more fully examine the source and authority of their present value system |
| Middle phase | phase, Clients get a better idea of what kind of life they consider worthy and develop a clearer sense of their internal valuing process |
| Final phase | phase, focuses on helping people take what they are learning about themselves and put it into action |
| Normal anxiety | appropriate response to an event being faced |
| Normal anxiety | Does not need to be repressed |
| Normal anxiety | Motivation for change |
| Normal anxiety | Not a goal to eliminate this kind of anxiety |
| Neurotic anxiety | out of proportion to the situation |
| Neurotic anxiety | Typically out of awareness |
| Neurotic anxiety | Tends to immobilize the person |
| Soren Kierkegaard | Danish philospher concerned with angst, the role of anxiety and uncertainty in life |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | German philosopher, focused on emerging self concept and being creatures of will |
| Martin Heidegger | viewed us as existing in (not apart from) the world; phenomological view |
| Jean-Paul Sartre | he believed that failure to acknowledge freedom and choice results in emotional problems and that when we attempt to pin down who we are, we engage in self-deception |
| Martin Buber | he believed in the I/Thou relationship and enables an individual to be responsible in the here and now; also client should never be on the same footing since client comes to counselor for help |
| Ludwig Binswanger | he proposed holistic model of self in relationship to his/her environment and crisis in therapy are typically major choice points for client |
| Existential analysis | emphasized the subjective and spiritual dimensions of human existence |
| Medard Boss | he was especially concerned with integrating Freud’s methods with Heidegger’s concept |
| Binswanger and Boss | believed therapist must enter client’s subjective world without presupposition |
| Daisin | our ability to reflect on life events and attribute meaning to these events |
| Viktor Frankl | prisoner at Auschwitz and Dachau Nazi concentration camps |
| Viktor Frankl | he emphasized freedom, responsibility, meaning and the search for values |
| Viktor Frankl | student of Adler, highly influenced by Freud |
| Viktor Frankl | said “That which does not kill me, makes me stronger” |
| Logotherapy | therapy through meaning (especially suffering) |
| Frankl's central themes | motivation for life is the will to meaning, freedom to find meaning in all that we think, and integration of body, mind, and spirit |
| Rollo May | had tuberculosis which resulted in a 2 yr stay in the sanitarium |
| Rollo May | he believed in helping people discover meaning of their lives and should be concerned with the problems of being rather than with problem solving |
| Rollo May | he believed it takes courage to “be” and our choices determine the kind of person we become |
| Rollo May | he believed we are in a constant struggle between security of dependence and the delights and pains of growth; we want to grow but we know these involve painful processes |
| James Bugental | he believed therapy is a journey taken by therapist and client that delves deeply into the client’s subjective world |
| James Bugental | he demands that the therapist be willing to be in contact with own phenomenological world |
| James Bugental | he believed in helping client’s examine how they have answered life’s existential questions and to challenge them to revise their answers to begin living authentically |
| Irvin Yalom | he established the four “givens of existence” or ultimate human concerns |
| Death, Freedom and responsibility, Existential isolation, and Meaninglessness | the four “givens of existence” or ultimate human concerns |
| Kierkegaard | his themes include creative anxiety, despair, fear and dread, guilt, and nothingness |
| Nietzsche | his themes include death, suicide, and |
| Heidegger | his themes include authentic being, caring, death, guilt, individual responsibility, and isolation |
| Sartre | his themes include meaninglessness, responsibility, and choice |
| Buber | his themes include interpersonal relationships, I/Thou perspective in therapy, and self-transcendence |
| Yalom | his textbook combines the philosophies of numerous existentialists |
| Capacity for self-awareness, Freedom and responsibility; reating ones’ identity and establishing meaningful relationships w/others; search for meaning, purpose, values, and goals; and anxiety as a living condition | Basic dimensions of the human condition or "being human" |
| Capacity for self-awareness | dimension, We are finite and not have unlimited time to do what we want |
| Capacity for self-awareness | dimension, We have potential to take action or not; inaction is a decision |
| Capacity for self-awareness | dimension, We choose our actions and can partially create our own destiny |
| Capacity for self-awareness | dimension, Meaning is the product of discovering how we are situated in the world and then, through commitment, living creatively |
| Capacity for self-awareness | dimension, As we increase our awareness of possible choices, we also increase our sense of responsibility for the consequences of those choices |
| Capacity for self-awareness | dimension, We are subject to loneliness, meaninglessness, emptiness, guilt, and isolation |
| Capacity for self-awareness | dimension, We are alone, yet we have the opportunity to relate to others |
| Freedom and responsibility | dimension, Inauthentic mode of existence consists of lacking awareness of personal responsibility for our lives and passively assuming that our existence is largely controlled by external forces |
| Freedom and responsibility | dimension, Existential guilt |
| Existential guilt | being aware of having evaded a commitment, or having chosen not to choose |
| Freedom and responsibility | dimension, Frankl believed that we are not free from condition, but we are free to take a stand against these restrictions; these conditions are subject to our decisions which mean we are responsible |
| Freedom and responsibility | dimension, According to Vontress, we can be authentic in individualistic and collectivistic societies |
| Creating ones’ identity and establishing meaningful relationships w/others | dimension, People are concerned with preserving their uniqueness and centeredness but also have an interest in going outside themselves to relate to others and nature |
| Paul Tillich | he believes awareness of our finite nature gives us an appreciation of ultimate concerns |
| Creating ones’ identity and establishing meaningful relationships w/others | dimension, Strength can be derived from looking to ourselves and sensing our separation or aloneness and we must have a relationship with ourselves in order to have relationships with others |
| Relatedness | we want to belong and be significant to others and want to have others be important in our world |
| Creating ones’ identity and establishing meaningful relationships w/others | dimension, Therapy process can be frightening to clients when they realize they have surrendered their freedom to others and that in therapy they will have to assume responsibility again |
| The search for meaning, purpose, values, and goals | dimension, one problem in therapy is that clients may discard traditional and imposed values without finding suitable replacements |
| Creating ones’ identity and establishing meaningful relationships w/others | dimension, Meaninglessness can lead to emptiness and hollowness or a condition called existential vacuum |
| Yalom and Frankl | believed that meaning must be pursued obliquely because the more rationally we seek it, the more likely we are to miss it |
| Anxiety as a condition of living | dimension, anxiety is the unavoidable result of being confronted with the “givens of existence” and can be a stimulus for growth |
| Anxiety as a condition of living | dimension, Anxiety will diminish as the client experiences more satisfaction with newer ways of being |
| Bugental | he identified three main tasks |
| Assist clients in recognizing that they are not fully present in the therapy process itself and in seeing how this pattern may limit them outside of therapy | Bugental first main task |
| Support clients in confronting the anxieties that they have so long sought to avoid | Bugental second main task |
| Help clients redefine themselves and their world in ways that foster greater genuineness of contact with life | Bugental third main task |
| Existentialist | takes the position that we are faced with the anxiety of choosing to create an identity in a world that lacks intrinsic meaning |
| Existentialist | There is nothing that we are, no internal nature to count on |
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