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Pharm Charm XII
Exam #4 Module 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| most inhibit GnRH (Gonadotropin) decrease in sex hormones treats prostatic cancer treats endometriosis treats precocious puberty | [Lupron] Leuprolide |
| shuts off FSH and LH negative feedback mechanism | Testosterone |
| replacement therapy in primary or secondary hypogonadism Ilow hormone production of gonads) management of gynecological disorders to treat dysmenorrheal | Testosterone uses |
| minimize menopausal symptoms suppress postpartum breast engorgement (overfilling w/milk) provide symptomatic relief of metastatic breast cancer | Testosterone uses |
| promote (protein anabolism) positive nitrogen balance and stimulate muscle and bine growth in debilitated patients | Testosterone uses |
| Abuse has been related to these SE: personality disorders testicular atrophy impotence liver damage or liver cancer | SE of Testosterone |
| amenorrhea menstrual disorders due to inhibited gonadotropin secretion virilization with acne hirsutism (facial hair) and deepening voice | Testosterone SE in female pt |
| Priapism (long-lasting painful erection) impotence decreased sperm and gynecomastia | Testosterone SE in males pt |
| Nausea vomiting GIirritation diarrhea | Testosterone SE |
| treat refractory anemia and catabolic states treats wasting syndrome in HIV+ pts | Anabolic steroids |
| treats catabolic effects resulting from treatment w/glucocorticoids misused as bodybuilding substances under strict prescriptions | Anabolic steriods |
| treatment of BPH prevents conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (the active metabolite) used for male pattern baldness | [Proscar] Finasteride (Anti-Androgen) |
| decreased libido breast tenderness Pregnancy Category X | [Proscar] side effects |
| made up of 3 hormones negative feedback shuts off FH and LH Estradiol, Esterone, Estriol | ESTROGENS |
| treats female hypogonadism (production of little or no hormones) treats prostate and breast cancer Dysmenorrhea (painful or difficult menstruation) Endometriosis (uterus cells grow in other areas of the body) | Estrogen uses |
| Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (combined estrogens and progesterones) Progestin is used to supplement estrogen therapy to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperstimulation in women with an intact uterus | Estrogen uses |
| used in: Oral Contraceptives Prevent/Depress the breakdown of bone | Estrogen uses |
| increased risk of cardivascular events; MI's strokes thromboembolism | Long-term use of estrogen |
| N&V Anorexia abdominal cramping are most common breast tenderness and enlargement | Estrogen SE |
| break through bleeding dysmenorrhea or amenorrhea vaginal candidiasis (fungal or yeast infection) | Estrogen SE |
| Cystis-like syndrome Increased risk of endometrial, breast cancers CNS SE: headache, edema, dizziness and changes in libido | Estrogen SE |
| 1 to 3 estrogen hormones | Estradiol |
| Estrogen/Hormone replacement therapy (ERT or HRT) to treat negatives symptoms... hot flashes sweating palpitations fainting muscle pain prevent vulvovaginal atrophy | Premarin |
| prevent vulvovaginal atrophy | Premarin |
| pevention of osteoporosis commonly in postmenopausal women associated with estrogen deficiency | Estraderm |
| selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) | Tamoxifen (Raloxifene) |
| treatment in advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women blocks estrogen receptors in breast tissue, but stimulates estrogen receptors in bone and endometrium used to incr bone density in postmenopausal women w/o increasing the risk of breast cancer | Tamoxifen (Raloxifene) |
| hotflashes | SE of Tamoxifen (Raloxifene) |
| contains both estrogen and progesterone post coital contraceptive | Plan B |
| long-acting injectable Progestins(contraceptive) acts to inhibit the secretion of gonadotropins prevents follicular maturation and ovulation | Medroxyprogesterone |
| promotes follicular maturation ovulation by blocking estrogen receptors increasing secretion of gonadotropins | Clomiphene |
| drugs used for ________ include: Oxytocin Ergovine | Uterine Motility |
| used as postpartum oxytoxic (stimulation of contraction of the uterus) | Ergonovine |
| GH agonist used in treatment of children who have growth failure due to a lack of adequate endogenous growth human secretion (dwarfism) treatment of cachexia (wasting away) in AIDS pt GH anatgonist i treatment of acromegaly | Growth hormone |
| diagnose hypothyroidism regulates thyroid hormone therapy | Thyroid stimulating hormone |
| fertility drugs work eitherdirectly or by stimulating the hypothalamus to increase FSH and LH levels Used to treat fertility in women | Gonadotropic Hormones |
| Menotropin and Chorionic Gonadotropin | Gonadotropic Hormones |
| Diagnostic aid in patients with suspected adrenal insufficiency | Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) |
| ADH Hormone and synthetic cogeners management of uncontrolled hemorrhage from esophageal varices (varicose veins) (SC or IM) post-op ileus (intestinal obstruction) abdominal distention | Vasopressin |
| treats diabetes insipidus (a disorder in which the kidney cannot conserve water) | Desmopressin |
| induces labor at term counter uterine hypotonicity reduces hemorrhage in the postpartum/post-abortion period | OXYTOCIN |
| causes Na and H20 retention, K loss in the distal tubules Treats Addison's disease ACTH deficiency leads to excessive loss of Na causes cells to swell | Fludrocortisone (Corticosteroid) |
| increased gluconeogenesis main effect on carbohydrate and protein metab; protect the glucose dependent cerebral functions | Glucocorticoids |
| stimulate the formation of glucose Diminish its peripheral utilization Promote storage as glycogen provides body w/glucose in stress | Glucocorticoids |
| Protein catabolism-Cortisol decr protein stores in all cells except in liver decreased protein synthesis increased catabolism of protein | Glucocorticoids |
| Cortisol mobilizes amino acids from tissues for delivery to the liver and subsequent gluconeogenesis | Glucocorticoids |
| redistribution of body fat | Fatty acid mobilization of Glucocorticoids |
| Lipolysis (breakdown) of triglycerides of adipose tissue Cortisol promotes mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissues | Glucocorticoids |
| maintain functional integrity of vascular system incr capillary permeability & decr ability of blood vessels to constrict adrenal cortex secretes incr amounts of glucocorticoids medulla incre secretion of epinephrine to maintain BP and glucose | Glucocorticoids |
| cortisol suppresses inflammation mobilizes amino acids from tissues for delivery to the liver and gluconeogenesis promotes mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissues | Characteristics of Glucocorticoids |
| increased risk of hypokalemia in pt using K losing diur raised blood glucose decr effect of hypoglycemia phenytoin and rifampin increase steroid metabolism decr effectiveness | Drud interactions of GLUCOCORTICOIDS |
| if withdrawn too fast acute adrenal insufficiency may occur you must w/draw this drug slowly after prolonged therapy (pituitary adrenal suppression) it may cause fever myalgia arhraglia malaise | side effects of GLUCOCORTICOIDS |
| Cataracts Behavior Disturbance Glycosuria Peptic ulcer arrest of growth Cushing's syndrome myopathy (muscle weakness) | Se of Glucocorticoids |
| (prototype) Main physiologic hormone MOST mineralocorticoid action | Hydrocortisone [Cortiso] |
| Synthetic glucocorticoid treats leukemia immunosuppressant in organ transplant pt | Prednisone |
| has LITTLE or NO mineralcorticoid action used for cerebral edema | DEXAMETHASONE |
| the beta cells of the islet of Langerhans of the pancreas produce proinsulin | Insulin |
| systemic disease characterized by: hyperglycemia hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol in blood) other complications caused by lack of production insulin (type 1) failure of tissues to respond to insulin (type 2) | Diabetes Mellitus |
| high blood glucose high sugar in the urine frequent urination increased thirst | Hyperglycemia signs/symptoms |
| 1461 type 1 pt were the "traditional treatment group" receive 1-2 insulin a day. the "intensive group (3+ insulin/day) with the GOAL of maintaining LT blood glucose control as close to normal. | Diabetes complications and Control Trial (DCCT) study performed! |
| 35-60% reduction risk in the "intensive treatment group" compared to the standard treatment group in diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. | Diabetes Complications and Control Trial |
| This damage is due to prolonged/repeated high glucose levels in those cells that do not req insulin in nerves, vascular walls, which result in destruction of these cells | Diabetes Complications and Control Trial |
| the intensively treated pt had a three-fold (3x) greater risk of hypoglycemia. | Diabetes Complications and Control Trial |
| HYPOGLYCEMIA is the most serious SE! It occurs when exogenous insulin is admin in the absence of adequate carb intake | SE of Insulin therapy! |
| increased epinephrine secretion diaphoresis (sweating) tachy& papitations hypertension weakness hunger | initial symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| blurred vision headache mental confusion incoherent speech coma convulsions sever hypoglycemia is treated with 50% glucose solution or glucagon admin IV | SE of Insulin therapy |
| IMMEDIATE acting given 5-10 min BEFORE a meal Duration- 2 to 5 hrs | LISPRO |
| SHORT-ACTING given 30-45 BEFORE each meal Duration: 6-10 hrs Peak: ? | REGULAR Insulin (Test question) |
| INTERMEDIATE-acting insulin is precipitated delayed onset (1-3 hrs) Duration: 18-24 hrs | NPH (Protamine)(TEST ?) |
| LONG-acting given at bedtime duration: 24 hrs | Glargine [Lantus] |
| effective only in type 2 diabetes STIMULATES pancreatic cells to secrete insulin improve insulin binding to receptors increase the sensitivity or # of insulin recep decre hepatic prod of glucose | [Diabeta]Glyburide Sulfonylureas |
| helps with type 2 diabetics MOA: lowers blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas | Repaglinide [Prandin] Meglitinide |
| improves glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetics by decr hepatic glucose production MOA: decr intestinal absorption of glucose improves insulin recep sensitivity does NOT stim insulin release from pancreas does NOT cause hypogly does NOT cause weight | [GLUCOPHAGE] Metformin |
| treatment for type 2 diabetics MOA: increase target tissue sensitivity to insulin w/o stim insulin secretion decr hepatic glucose output incre insulin-dependent glucose disposal in skeletal musc | "Glitazone" [ACTOS]Pioglitazone |
| black box warning for Avandia's increased risk of heart attacks | Glitazone SE [ACTOS] |
| Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor MOA: inhibit Alpha-glucosidase in gut wall reduces disaccharides (sugar;sucrose) to monosaccharides (glucose) for absorption decrease glucose absorption decrease postprandial (after meal) potentiate effect of insulin | [Precose] Acarbose |
| MOA: Incretin hormones are eleased by theintestine in response to food absorbed and potentiate insulin synthesis and release | [Januvia] Sitagliptin an incretin agonist |
| inactivated in the intestine by the enzyme DPP-4 inhibits DPP-4 increases incretin hormones in plasma 2-4 fold | [Januvia] Sitagliptin |
| main function is to control the rate of body metab and cellular oxidation | Thyroid |
| regulatory influences are thyroid-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus, thyroid-stimulating hormone released by the pituitary and thyroxine levels in the blood Thyroxine has a negative fdbk effect on pituitary and hypothalamus | Thyroid |
| tissues are exposed to subnormal amounts of thyroid hormones low T4 and T3 levels and elevated TSH levels | Signs of hypothyroidism |
| Adults: Myxedema cold intolerance constipation lethargy thick dry skin puffy appearance | Signs of hypothyroidism |
| Kids: Cretinism involves development abnormalities short body mental retardation | Sign of hypothyrodism |
| treats HYPERthyroidism SE occur in high doses nervousness, irritability, sweating, diarrhea, tachy elderly with CV disease are @risk for heart failure, HT, Arrythmia | [SYNTHROID] LevoTHYROXINE |
| Cholestyramine may interfere with the oral absorption of thyroxine thyroxine increases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by increasing the catabolism of hepatic clotting factors | [Synthroid] drug interactions |
| nervousness iiritability sweating diarrhea weight loss insomnia tachycardia due to increased secretion of thyroid hormones | hyperthyroidism |
| severe hyperthyroidism | thyrotoxicosis |
| an acute and serious episode of hyperthyroidism precipitated by stress unless rapidly controlled it may result in fatal CHF and Cardiac arrythmias | Thyroid storm |
| may be used in conjunction w/antithyroid drugs to control the cardiac events in a thyroid storm | BB or Beat-Blockers |
| anti-thyroid drug inhibits formation of thyroid hormone by interfering with the incorparation of iodine into tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin | Propylthiouracil |
| skin rash leukopenia (decr in WBCs) rarely, agranulocytosis (serious leukopenia and its important to report fever, sore throat, signs of infections) Preg categ X induced liver damage | Propylthiouracil SE |
| skin rash leukopenia (decr in WBCs) rarely, agranulocytosis (serious leukopenia and its important to report fever, sore throat, signs of infections) Preg categ X DOES NOT CAUSE liver damage | [TAPAZOLE] Methimazole |
| Bisphosphonate agent treats hypercalcemia assoc w/malignancies treats PAGET's disease Hyperparathyroidism most common prescribed drug for treating Osteoporosis after menopause | [FOSAMAX] Alendronate |
| dyspepsia esophageal ulceration death in parts of jaw bone or Osteonecrosis REPORT: pain, swelling or gum infection, loosening of teeth, poor healing gums, numbness in jaw and exposed bone | SE of FOSAMAX |
| SERM Drug exerts estrogenic effects onbone prevents or retards bone loss antiestrogenic effetcs on breast and endometrium | [Evista] Raloxifene |
| increases the risk of thromboembolism treats hot flashes | SE of EVISTA(RALOXIFENE) |
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boomer_bevo
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