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A&P Ch 15 Digestion
Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Irregular tube open at both ends | Digestive system |
| 2 other terms used for the Digestive system | Alimentary Canal ; Gastrointestinal Tract |
| 2 Types of Digestion | Mechanical & Chemical |
| 3 processes of food | 1. Digestion; 2. Absorbtion; 3. Metabolism |
| Main Organs (8) MPESIRA | Mouth; Pharynx; Esophagus; Stomach; Small Intestines; Large Intestines; Rectum; Anal Canal |
| Accessory Organs (7) TTSLGPA | Teeth, Tongue, Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Appendix |
| Hollow space in the digestive tube is known as ____________ | Lumen |
| 4 Tissue Layers of the Digestive Tube | 1. Mucosa; 2. Submucosa; 3. Muscularis; 4. Serosa |
| Blood vessels and nerves are in this layer ____ | Submucosa |
| Covers the outside of organs (Serosa layer) | Visceral Peritoneum |
| Double fold of peritoneal tissue that anchors the loops of the digestive tract to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity | Mesentary |
| Food material is moved through the digestive tube by this motion _____________ | Peristalsis |
| What layer is responsible for peristalsis? | Muscularis |
| The serosa layer of the digestive tube in the abdominal cavity is composed of _____________ | Visceral peritoneum |
| The large double fold of peritoneal tissue that anchors the digestive tract to the posterior abdominal cavity is called _____________ | Mesentary |
| The hollow chamber with a roof, floor and walls | Mouth or oral cavity |
| Roof of the mouth is composed of what? | Hard & soft palate |
| This is the arch shaped muscle that separates the mouth from the pharynx | Soft Palate |
| The part of the mouth made of parts of the maxillary & palantine bones | Hard Palate |
| This prevents food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity | Uvula |
| Fold of the mucous membrane that helps to anchor the tongue is called what? | Lingual Frenulum |
| Someone referred to as "Tongue Tied" has this abnormality? | Short lingual frenulum |
| Small elevations on the mucosa of the tongue | Papillae |
| 4 Types of Teeth | Incisors, canines (cuspids), premolars (bicuspids), molars (Tricuspids) |
| 3 parts of the teeth | crown, neck, root |
| How many teeth are in the adult mouth | 32 |
| How many teeth in the temporary set | 20 |
| Enamel covers this part of the crown | Dentin |
| The cementum covers this part of the teeth | Neck and roots |
| At the neck, the cementum is covered by what kind of tissue? | Gum tissue (gingival) |
| This membrane anchors the teeth and lines the socket. | Periodontal Membrane |
| ________ _________ is disease of enamel, dentin and cementum and leads to a permanent defect called cavities | Dental Caries |
| Baby teeth are referred to as | Deciduous |
| Chewing is referred to as ___________ | Mastication |
| This is the accessory gland that is the 1st step in digestion. | Salivary glands |
| What are the 3 salivary glands? | Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual |
| Which salivary gland opens on either side of the lingual frenulum? | Submandibular |
| This gland is associate with the Mumps. | Parotid |
| Deciduous teeth do not have these? | Premolars |
| This attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth | Lingual Frenulum |
| The wall of the pulp cavity is covered by this | Dentin |
| The permanent central incisor erupts between the ages of ____ & _____ | 7 and 8 |
| The 3rd premolar is often refered to as this and appears at what age? | Wisdom Teeth; 17-24 |
| The volume of saliva secreted by an adult per day is____________ | 1 liter |
| How many premolars are there? | 2 |
| How many incisors are there in an adult? | 8 |
| This tubelike stucture functions as part of the respiratory and digestive system. | Pharynx |
| Food enters the stomach by passing through the muscular _____________ _________ of the esophagus. | cardiac sphincter |
| Name the 3 parts of the stomach. | Fundus, body, pylorus |
| After the food has set in the stomach for approximately this amount of time, chyme then enters into the small intestines | 3 hours |
| The stomach folds are called? | Rugae |
| The intestinal folds are called? | Plicae |
| The lower left border of the stomach is called? | Greater curvature |
| This condition could cause chyme to go in a backward movement and into the lower part of the esophagus | Hiatal Hernia |
| Name the parts of the small intestine. | Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| The union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct form the ? | Common Bile Duct |
| Each villus in the intestine contains a lymphatic vessel that absorbs fat material | Lacteal |
| The middle 3rd of the duodenum contains this opening? | Major duodenal papilla |
| Most gastric and duodenal ulcers result from an infection with the bacterium: | Helicobacter pylori |
| What kind of gland is the liver? | Exocrine |
| Fats in the chyme stimulate the secretion of the hormone ____________ in the duodenum: | Cholecystokinin |
| What does the hormone cholecystokinin act upon? | The contraction of the gallbladder thus releasing the stored bile. |
| What breaks large fat globules into smaller fat globules? | Bile |
| The 2 products used to break down fat? | Bile & Lipase |
| This organ is the majority of absorbtion | Small intestines |
| What is the most important digestive juice? | Pancreatic juice |
| What is the purpose of sodium bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas? | In neutralized the hydrochloric acid from the stomach (from gastric juice) |
| Why is pancreatic juice the most important digestive juice? | It contains enzymes that digest all 3 major kinds of foods. |
| The 2 main functions of bile is what? | Rid the body of cholesterol and emulsify fats. |
| The large intestine is approximately how long? | 5 feet. |
| Undigested or unabsorbed food enters the large intestine through what valve? | Ileocecal valve |
| Bacteria in the large intestine is responsible for the production of what vitamin? | Vitamin K and some B-Complex vitamins |
| Normal passage of material in the large intestine takes approximately how long? | 3 to 5 days. |
| Name (in order as material passes) the sections of the large intestine: | Cecum, ascending colon, Hepatic flexure, Transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, Sigmoid colon, Rectum, Anal Canal |
| The large, moist slippery sheet of serous memebrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs is called what? | Peritoneum |
| The part of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity is called what layer? | Parietal Layer |
| What part of the peritoneum covers all of the organs within the abdominal cavity? | Visceral layer |
| The small space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum is called what? | Peritoneal Space |
| What are the 2 most prominent extensions of the peritoneum? | Mesentary and Greater Omentum |
| Gastric juice does or does not contain any carbohydrate digesting enzymes? | Does not. |
| The pancreatic enzyme that starts the digestive process of carbohydrates is called? | Amylase |
| Amylase breaks down what? | Polysaccharides into disaccharides |
| What 3 enzymes break down disaccharides into simple sugars? | Maltase, Sacrase, Lactase |
| The most abundant monosaccharide is ? | Glucose |
| Which food digestion starts in the stomach? | Protein |
| Pepsinogen in gastric juice becomes _____________, an active enzyme when combined with ___________. | Pepsin, Hydrocholoric acid |
| Once protein enters the intestine, another enzyme from pancreatic juice and a different enzyme from intestinal juice finish protein digestion. What are these enzymes? | Tripase from pancreatic juice and peptidases from intestinal juice |
| What is the end product of protein digestion? | Amino Acid |
| What product from the liver emulsifies fat? | Bile |
| What finishes fat digestion and where does it come from? | Lipase from the Pancreas |
| Amylase digests what and comes from what 2 juices? | starches and comes from saliva and pancreas |
| The end product of Amylase is what? | Maltose (Disaccharides) |
| Gastic juice contains what 2 components? | Pepsin and hydrochloric acid (protein digestion) |
| Pancreatic juice contains what 3 substances? | Proteases (trypsin), Lipases, Amylase |
| The end product of Proteases from the pancreas is what? | Amino acid and peptides |
| Intestinal juices contain what enzymes? | Peptidases, sucrase, lactase, maltase |
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