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Geology 1.0
Physical Geology Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rock Clasification | ... |
| Igneous Rocks | formed by freezing of melted rocks in lower crust or mantle |
| Sedimentary Rock | formed by cemetation of eroded grains of pre-existing rock or precipitation from cold fluids at of near the surface. |
| Metamorphic rocks | formed by heating or high pressure on a pre-existing rock until it changes its characteristics |
| MEMEORIZE THE ROCK CYCLE | MEMORIZE THE ROCK CYCLE |
| Ultramafic | Composed of Olivine/ Ultramafic Mineral |
| Intrusive | cool slowly well below the surface (Plutonic) |
| Extrusive | cool rapidly at or near the surface (Volcanic) |
| Felsic | Explodes Violently |
| Mafic | Explodes NonViolently/ Composed of dark colored minerals |
| Batholith | is a composite of many plutons |
| Elements of a volcano | ... |
| Volcanic Neck | Shaft leading up to the mouth of the volcano |
| Dike | Vertical Shafts |
| Sill | Horizontal Shafts |
| Major Types of Magma | ... |
| Felsic Magma | results from partial melting which separates the lighter silicate rocks from the magma |
| Mafic Magma | results from more complete melting of source rock after the lighter silicate rocks leave the magma |
| Intermidiate Magma | Mixture of Mafic and Felsic |
| Ultramafic Magma | results from nearly completely melting of sourse rock after the lightest rocks leave the magma |
| Dikes | Cut out across layers |
| Sills | Squese between layers |
| Intrusive | course grained texture |
| Felsic | light colored minerals |
| Extrusive | fine-grained texture |
| Mafic | dark colored minerals |
| Why are some volcanoes more/less destructive? | The destrution of a volcano is directly proprtional to the viscocity of the lava extruded from thr volcano. |
| Pyroclastiv Flows | Fast moving down ash flows down the side of the mountain. |
| Lahar | Mudflow |
| Caldera Colapse | Collapse of the mountin into the magma chanmber |
| Any type of rock can be... | weathered and eroded. |
| Geologic Setting of Volcanism | Typing to plate tectonics |
| Type of volcano is predictable base on | source and boundary type |
| Island Arc | Intermediate |
| Continenetal Arc | Felsic |
| Rift | Rift |
| Hot Spot | Mafic |
| Mid-Ocean Ridge | Mafic |
| Mt. St. Helen's | Subduction Boundary |
| Sedimentary Rocks Definition: | Forms at or near the surface of the Earth from: |
| Cementatoin of loose grains produced by wethering of prexisiting rock | Precipitation of minerals from water solutions |
| Cementation together shells or shell fragments | Growth of masses of shell producing organisims |
| Sedimentary Rock Location: | Only in the upper part of crust (Commonly Layered) |
| What do you think is the most common rock type on the face of the eart? | Sedimentary Rock |
| Sedimentary Rock Classification: | --- |
| Clastic: | Cemented rock fragments |
| Biochemical | Cemented Shells |
| Organic | originial plant material |
| Chemical | Precipitated |
| 3 S's | Size |
| Shape | Sorting |
| Clastic Sedimentary Rocks | Clasification |
| Pebbles | greater than 2mm |
| Sand | grains 1/16 to 2mm |
| Silt | 1/256 to 1/16mm (gritty to the tounge) |
| Mud/ Clay | less than 1/256 (gritty only under a microscope) |
| Conglomerate | if grains are rounded |
| breccia | grains are angular |
| Evaporites | Salts deposited by evaporation of seawater. Usually halite or gypsum. |
| Travertine | CA 2(CO2) deposited from ground water( caves or springs) |
| Dolostone | CaMgCO3 in which Mg replaced Ca in a chemical reation after burial. |
| Chert | SiO2 that replaced CaCO3 in limestone or recrysalized volcanic ash. Also flint, agate, AR whetstone, petrefined wood. |
| For the abouve you dont need to know the chemical formuls | For the abouve you dont need to know the chemical formuls |
| Sedimentry Enviroments | ___ |
| Costal Marine | Mudflows/marsh/channel deposits/turbidites are more awsome mudflows. |
| Carbonate Marine | Lagoon/ Reef/ Reef Face |
| Transgression & Regression of sealevel in marine enviroments | Movement of the shoreline inland. |
Created by:
mr.vonlipich
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