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P.E
Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agonist | The muscle primarily responsible for producing movement |
| Antagonist | The muscle that relaxes as the agonist contracts to allow ease of movement and minimise the risk of injury |
| Stabilisers | muscles that act to stabilise the bone where the prime mover is acting to allow efficiency of movement and maximal contractile force to be developed if required |
| Reciprocal inhibition | when muscles on one side of a bone or joint relax to accomodate contraction on the other side of the bone or joint |
| All or nothing principle | The muscle will not contract until the brain sends a strong enough impulse |
| Contraction types | Isotonic contracitions (concentric & eccentric) and isometric contractions |
| Concentric contraction | A concentric contraction is one where the length of the muscle shortens |
| Eccentric contraction | An eccentric contraction is one where the muscle lengthens |
| Isometric contraction | An isometric contraction is where the length of the muscle barely changes, if at all |
| Muscle types | Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle |
| Smooth muscle | Smooth muscles are responsible for the contraction of hollow organs, such as blood vessels, the bladder and the uterus. They have a smooth outer surface. |
| Cardiac muscle | An involuntary muscle found in the heart |
| Skeletal muscle | Skeletal muscles move and support the skeleton |
| Slow-twitch fibres | Red fibres used for aerobic, endurance work such as triathlons. Type 1 fibres |
| Fast-twitch fibres | White fibres unsed for anaerobic such as sprints. Type 2 fibres |
| Fast-twitch oxidative | Partially aerobic fast-twitch fibre |
| Fast-twitch glycolytic | Purely anaerobic fast-twitch fibre |
| Mitochondrial density | Releases large amounts of energy under aerobic conditions |
| Oxidative enzymes | Releases large amounts of energy under aerobic conditions |
| Myoglobin content | Allows oxygen to transport though the body |
| Capillary density | Supplies large amount of blood and oxygen to working muscles |
| Phosphocreatine stores | The quickest source of energy under anaerobic conditions |
| Triglyceride stores | Preferred fuel under aerobic conditions |
| Fatigue resistance | Allows the body to keep working for longer without tiring |
Created by:
TahliaRoberts12
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