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psych ch11 vocab
psychology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
thinking | changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new information |
image | a visual, mental representation of an event or object |
concept | a label for a class of objects or events that have at least one attribute in common |
prototype | a representative example of a concept |
rule | a statement of relation between concepts |
directed thinking | a systematic and logical attempt to reach a specific goal or answer, such as the solution to a math problem |
convergent thinking | depends on symbols, concepts, and rules |
divergent thinking | a free flow of thoughts with no particular plan and depends more on images |
metacognition | the awareness of one's own cognitive processes |
algorithm | a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem |
heuristic | a rule-of-thumb problem-solving strategy |
mental set | a habitual strategy or pattern of problem solving |
functional fixedness | the inability to imagine new functions for familiar objects |
creativity | the capacity to use information and/or abilities in a new and original way |
flexibility | the ability to overcome rigidity |
recombination | rearranging the elements of a problem to arrive at an original solution |
insight | the apparent sudden realization of the solution to a problem |
language | the expression of ideas through symbols and sounds that are arranged according to rules |
phoneme | an individual sound that is a basic structural element of language |
morpheme | the smallest unit of meaning in a given language |
syntax | language rules that govern how the words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences |
semantics | the study of meaning in language |
language-acquisition device (LAD) | innate brain structures that make it relatively easy to learn the rules of language |
telegraphic speech | a pattern of speaking in which the child leaves out articles, prepositions, and parts of verbs |