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Leach PSY chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| memory | the processes by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved |
| episodic memory | a memory of a specific experienced event |
| flashbulb memories | clear memories of emotionally significant moments or events |
| semantic memory | a memory of general knowledge and information that can be recalled |
| explicit memory | a memory of specific information |
| implicit memory | a memory that consists of the skills and procedures one has learned |
| encoding | the translation of information into a form that can be stored in memory |
| storage | the maintenance of encoded information over time |
| maintenance rehearsal | the repetition of new information in an attempt to keep from forgetting it |
| elaborative rehearsal | a memory device that creates a meaningful link between new information and the information already known |
| retrieval | the process of recalling information from memory storage |
| context-dependant memories | information that is more easily retrieved in the context in which it was encoded and stored |
| state-dependant memories | memories in which information is more easily retrieved when one is in the same physiological or emotional state as when the memory was originally encoded or learned |
| tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon | the belief that a piece of information is stored in our memory although we cannot retrieve it easily |
| sensory memory | the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system |
| iconic memory | the sensory register that briefly holds mental images of visual stimuli |
| eidetic imagery | the maintenance of a very detailed visual memory over several months |
| echoic memory | the sensory register in which traces of sounds are held and may be retrieved within several seconds |
| short-term memory | memory that holds information briefly before it is stored or forgotten |
| primacy effect | the tendency to recall the initial item or items in a series |
| recency effect | the tendency to recall the last item in a series |
| chunking | a mental process for organizing information into meaningful units |
| interference | the process that occurs when new information appears in short-term memory and replaces what was already there |
| long-term memory | the type or stage of memory capable of large and relatively permanent storage |
| schema | an idea or mental framework that helps one organize and interpret information |
| recognition | a memory process in which one identifies objects or events that have previously been encountered |
| recall | retrieval of learned information |
| relearning | learning material a second time, usually in less time than it was originally learned |
| decay | the fading away of memory |
| infantile amnesia | the inability to remember events that occurred during one's early years |
| anterograde amnesia | the inability to form new memories because of brain trauma |
| retrograde amnesia | the failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma |
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