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PharmTech-M5-1
Antiinfectives, Antiinflammatories and Antihistamines
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Nosocomial Infections | Infections acquired within hospitals or healthcare facilities. These infections can be deadly for patients with an already weakened immune system because they are difficult to combat. |
Protozoa | Human parasite; single celled organism. |
Viruses do not have the ability to alter their genetic makeup because: | Viruses use their hosts cells and components to assemble it's own blueprints. |
Alpha Receptors | Located in the peripheral blood vessels; heart and the eyes; on smooth muscle. |
Beta Receptor - B1 | Receptors located in the heart muscle. |
Beta Receptors - B2 | Receptors located in the respiratory system. |
First Generation Antihistamines | Bind to histamine 1 and histamine 2 receptors. Can cause sedation, decrease nausea, vomiting and motion sickness. |
Second Generation Antihistamines | Effect histamine 1 receptors specifically, therefore causing less sedation. |
The first antibiotic discovered: | Sulfa - sulfanilamide |
Discovered by Alexander Fleming: | Penicillin |
H. Pylori can be treated with: | Septra, Metronidazole, and Tetracycline |
The most common eye infection: | Conjunctivitis |
T.B. is caused by a mycobacterium and is treated with: | isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol |
A common fungus that is part of the body's natural flora: | Candida Albicans |
Third Generation Cephalasporins | Vantin, Cefixime, Ceftizoxime |
Step one of the invasion and spread of virions | Attachment |
Step two of the invasion and spread of virions | Injection of nucleic acids |
Step three of the invasion and spread of virions | Synthesis |
Step four of the invasion and spread of virions | Assembly |
Step five of the invasion and spread of virions | Spread via lysis or budding. |
One way that antiviral agents work against viruses: | Stop the virus from attaching to the host cell by blocking the sites on the virion. |
One way that antiviral agents work against viruses: | Stop the replication process within the host cell inhibiting the virion from making its necessary components. |
One way that antiviral agents work against viruses: | Disrupt the assembly of virion particles as they are being assembled within the host cell; rendering an incomplete virion particle. |
Aminoglycosides are considered dangerous because: | They have a narrow range between therapeutic and toxic serum levels; can cause nephrotixicity or ototoxicity. |
Resistant microorganisms can be treated with: | Cipro, Vancocin, tigecycline |
Aspirin can be used to treat: | Inflammation, pain, fever, gout, decrease blood clots, prevent heart attack and stroke, and prevent pulmonary embolism. |
NSAID Properties: | Analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory |
Prednisone should not be discontinued abruptly in order to: | Allow the body to initiate production of glucocorticoids. |
An induced systemic or generalized sensitivity; immunologic allergic reaction is called: | Anaphylaxis |
Beta Adrenergics effect the bronchial airways by: | Dilating bronchial muscles. |
An antiasthmatic and antiallergic agent that can prevent allergic reactions from occurring is: | Cromolyn |
Antihistamine side effects: | Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, stomach pain, dry mouth, vision changes, and loss of appetite |
Agents that kill bacteria: | Bacteriocidals |
Chemical agent that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria; used to treat infections. | Antibiotic |
Substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microrganisms. | Antimicrobials |
Agent that prevents the growth of bacteria but does not kill the microbe. | Bacteriostatics |
Bacteria unable to keep crystal violet stain when washed in acid alcohol: | Gram Negative organisms |
Bacteria that are able to keep crystal violet stain when washed in acid alcohol. | Gram Positive organisms |
Roundworm | Trichinella spiralis (trichinosis) |
Hookworm | Ancylostoma duodenale/necator americanus |
Tapeworm | Taenia saginatea, taenia solium |
Antiviral agent | Acyclovir |
Mebendazole | Antihelminthic |
Griseofulvin | Antifungal |
Rifampin | Antituberculin |
Ingest dead tissue, bacterial cells, or dying cells | Macrophages |
Adhere to endothelial cells: intensify inflammation by causing direct cell injury and promoting formation of antibodies that increase inflammatory response. | Lymphocyte |
Can neutralize or destroy antigens in different ways, such as by coating or lysing antigen; can stimulate phagocytosis and prevent antigen from adhering to host cells. | Antibody |
Assist in blood coagulation. | Fibrinogen |
Adhere to damaged site to protect against infection by destroying infectious microbes; also destroy antigens. | Neutrophils |
Eventually become macrophages; macrophages are part of first-line defense in inflammatory process. | Monocyte |
These mature leukocyte cells fight infection | Granulocyte |
These white blood cells are in the bone marrow and fight infection and tissue damage; destroy foreign organisms and also clean up damaged cells by phagocytosos. | Leukocyte |