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BIO 110 Chapter 2

QuestionAnswer
A substance made of only one type of atom is called an _______. Element
Fe Iron
Ca Calcium
O Oxygen
H Hydrogen
K Potassium
Na Sodium
I Iodine
P Phosphorus
Mg Magnesium
N Nitrogen
S Sulfur
Cl Chlorine
Cu Copper
Zn Zinc
Co Cobalt
Mn Manganese
F Fluorine
The subunits or atoms are _______, ________, and ________. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
The atomic subunit that has a negative charge is what. Electron
The atomic subunit with a positive charge is the ______. Proton
The subunit that has no charge is the _______. Neutron
Which of these subunits are present in the atomic nucleus? Proton and Neutron
Which of these subunits are present in equal numbers in the atom? Proton and Electron
Which of these subunits gives and atom its bonding capabilities? Electron
An atom that has lost or gained electrons and now has a positive or negative charge is called an ___. Ion
The bonding of two or more atoms results in the formation of a ________. Molecule
The bond formed when one atom loses electrons that are gained by other atoms is call an _____ bond. Ionic
The bond formed when two or more atoms share electrons is called a ________ bond. Covalent
The type of bond that may be weakened in an aqueous solution is the ______ bond. Ionic
The atoms of organic molecules such as carbohydrates and proteins are bonded by ________ bonds. Covalent
The special covalent bonds found only in proteins such as insulin, to help maintain their three-dimensional shape, are called _________ bonds. Disulfide
The weak bonds that maintain the three-dimensional shape of proteins and nucleic acids are called ________ bonds. Hydrogen
A reaction in which smaller molecules bond to form a new, larger molecule is called a _________. Synthesis
A reaction in which bonds are broken and a large molecule is changed to smaller ones is called a _____________ reaction. Decomposition
The most abundant compound in the human body is _____. Water
Water is a solvent, which means that many substances ________ in water. Dissolve
Water is a lubricant, which means that it prevents ________ between surfaces. Friction
Water found in blood vessels is called what? Plasma
Water found within cells is called ___. ICF
Water found in lymph vessels is called _____. Lymph
Water found between cells is called ____________. Tissue Fluid
In what form is oxygen found in the atmosphere? As a gas
State the chemical formula for oxygen. O2
Within the body, oxygen is essential for the process called _____________. Cell Respiration
Cell respiration produces _________ for cellular process that require energy. ATP
Carbon dioxide is produced in the body as a waste product of the process of ________________. Cell Respiration
State the chemical formula of carbon dioxide. CO2
If excess CO2 is present in body fluids, these fluids will become too ______. Acidic
What element is part of some proteins such as insulin? Sulfur
What element provides strength in bones and teeth? Calcium and Phosphorus
What element is part of hemoglobin in red blood cells? Iron
What element is part of the hormone thyroxine? Iodine
What element is necessary for muscle contraction? Calcium and sodium and potassium
What element is part of DNA and RNA? Phosphorus
What element is necessary for blood clotting? Calcium
What element is necessary for nerve impulse transmission? Sodium and potassium
What is the range of the pH scale? 0-14
What number represents neutral on a pH scale? 7
The portion of the pH scale from 0-6.99 represents solutions that are ______. Acidic
The portion of the pH scale fro 7.01-14 represents solutions that are ________(basic). Alkaline
What is the normal pH range of blood? 7.35-7.45
Chemicals in body fluids that help prevent drastic pH changes are called _______. Buffers
What is a polysaccharide made by plants for energy storage? Starch
What is made of one glycerol and one, two, or three fatty acids? True Fat
What is a 6-carbon nonosaccharide or hexose sugar? Glucose
A steroid? Cholesterol
Made of many amino acids. Proteins
A polysaccharide for energy storage in animal cells. Glycogen
The molecular subunits of protein. Amino Acids
A 5-carbon monosaccharide. Pentose Sugar
A diglyceride that includes a phosphate group. Phospholipid
A polysaccharide that is part of plant cell walls. Cellulose
A disaccharide. Sucrose.
Changed to vitamin D in the skin on exposure to sunlight. Cholesterol
A polysaccharide that is digested to glucose and used for energy production. Starch
An energy storage molecule in subcutaneous tissue. True Fats
The primary energy source for cells. Glucose
Bonded by peptide bonds to form proteins Amino Acids
A diglyceride that is part of the cell membranes. Pospolipid
Part of DNA and RNA. Pentose sugars
These include enzymes and antibodies. Proteins
A sugar that is digested to monosaccharides to produce energy. Sucrose
The storage form for glucose in the liver and muscles. Glycogen
A polysaccharide tat promotes peristalsis in the colon. Cellulose
Used to synthesize the steroid hormones. Cholesterol
These include hemoglobin and insulin. Proteins
Also called fiber Cellulose
Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of reactions without the need for additional energy. Another way to say this is that enzymes are _________ in the body. Catalysts
A single strand of nucleotides. RNA
A double strand of nucleotides. DNA
A single nucleotide with three phosphate groups. ATP
Contains the nitrogenous bases A,T,C, and G DNA
Made from ADP and phosphate. ATP
Contains the nitrogenous bases A,U,C, and G. RNA
Directly involved in protein synthesis. RNA
Formed when energy is released in cell respiration. ATP
Makes up the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell DNA
Provides energy for cellular reactions. ATP
The genetic code for hereditary characteristics. DNA
 

 



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