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Social Psych Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Attitude | A positive, negative, or mixed reaction to a person, object, or idea. |
| Attitude Scale | A Multiple-item questionnaire designed to measure a person's attitude toward some object. |
| Bogus Pipeline | A phony lie-detector device that is sometimes used to get respondents to give truthful answers to sensitive questions. |
| Facial Electromypgraph (EMG) | An electronic instrument that records facial muscle activity associated with emotions and attitudes. |
| Implicit Attitude | An attitude, such as prejudice, that one is not aware of having. |
| Implicit Association Test (IAT) | A covert measure of unconscious attitudes derived from the speed of which people respond to pairings of concepts - such as black and white with good or bad |
| Theory of Planned Behavior | The theory that attitudes toward a specific behavior combine with subjective norms and perceived control to influence a person's actions. |
| Central Route To Persuasion | The process by which a person thinks carefully about a communication and influenced by the strength of its arguments. |
| Peripheral Route to Persuasion | The process by which a person does not think carefully about a communication and is influenced instead by superficial cues. |
| Elaboration | The process of thinking about and scrutinizing the arguments contained in a persuasive communication. |
| Sleeper Effect | A delayed increase in the persuasive impact of a non credible source. |
| Need For Cognition | A personality variable that distinguishes people on the basis of how much they enjoy effortful cognitive activities. |
| Inoculation Hypothesis | The idea that exposure to weak versions of a persuasive argument increase later resistance to that argument. |
| Psychological Reactance | The theory that people react against threats to their freedom by asserting themselves and perceiving the threatened freedom as more attractive. |
| Cognitive Dissonance Theory | The theory that holding inconsistent cognitions arouses psychological tension that people become motivated to reduce. |
| Insufficient Justification | A condition in which people freely perform an attitude-discrepant behavior without receiving a large reward. |
| Insufficient Deterrence | A condition in which people refrain from engaging in a desirable activity, even when only mild punishment is threatened. |
| Stereotype | A belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics. |
| Prejudice | Negative feelings towards persons based on their membership in certain groups. |
| Discriminations | Behavior directed against persons because of their membership in a certain group. |
| Group | Two or more persons perceived as related because of their interactions, membership in the same social category, or common fate. |
| Ingroups | Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity. |
| Outgroups | Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity. |
| Modern Racism | A form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize. |
| Implicit Racism | Racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally. |
| Ambivalent Sexism | A form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings. |
| Superordinate Goal | A shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups. |
| Realistic Conflict Theory | The theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources. |
| Relative Deprivation | Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others. |
| Ingroup Favoritism | The tendency to discriminate in favor of ingroups over outgroups. |
| Social Identity Theory | The theory that people favor ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self-esteem. |
| Social Dominance Orientation | A desire to see one's ingroup as dominant over other groups and a willingness to adopt cultural values that facilitate oppression over other groups. |
| Social Categorization | The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes. |
| Outgroup Homogeneity Effect | The tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups. |
| Illusory Correlation | An overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated. |
| Social Role Theory | The theory that small gender differences are magnified in perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women. |
| Stereotype Content Model | A model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence group stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth. |
| Subliminal Presentation | A method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people do not have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them. |
| Stereotype Threat | The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about one's group. |
| Contact Hypothesis | The theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce prejudice under certain conditions. |
| Jigsaw Classroom | A cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts. |
Created by:
madison125612
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