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Psyc 2310 Quiz 2
Cognitive Development in Infancy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| actions or mental representations that organize knowledge | schemes |
| an internal drive for equilibrium | motivation |
| the mechanism by which children shift from one stage of thought to the next | equilibration |
| physical activities characterize infancy. consist of simple actions that can be performed on objects such as sucking and grasping toys | behavioral schemes |
| cognitive activities develop in childhood | mental schemes |
| occurs when children use their existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences | assimilation |
| occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account | accommodation |
| the grouping of isolated of isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher order system | organization |
| basic means of coordinating sensation and action through reflexive behaviors | simple reflexes |
| infants' repeated attempts to reproduce interesting or pleasurable event (1-4mos) | primary circular reactions |
| infant is more object oriented moving beyond preoccupation with the self (4-8mos) | secondary circular reactions |
| coordination of schemes showing intentionally (8-12mos) | coordination of secondary circular reactions |
| explores objects' many properties (12-18mos) | tertiary circular reactions |
| ability to use primitive symbols; shift to mental manipulation (18-24mos) | internalization of schemes |
| the understanding of objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched | object permanence |
| the focusing of mental resources on select information | attention |
| decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations | habituation |
| increased responsiveness after a change in stimulus | dishabituation |
| individuals focus on the same object or event | joint attention |
| retention of information over time | memory |
| the process by which information gets into memory | encoding |
| memory without conscious recollection | implicit memory |
| conscious memory of facts and experiences | explicit memory |
| inability to recall memories of events that occurred before 3 | infantile or childhood amnesia |
| imitation that occurs after a time delay of hours or days | deffered imitation |
| groups of objects, events, and characteristics on the basis of common properties | categories |
| ideas about what categories represent | concepts |
| based on similar perceptual features or objects | perceptual categorization |
| by 7-9 months, infants can categorize objects even though they are perceptually similar | conceptual categorization |
| measures four categories of behavior: motor, language, adaptive, and personal-social | Gesell test |
| measures five scales: cognitive, language, motor, socioemotional, and adaptive | Bayley scales of infant development |
| evaluates an infant's ability to process information | Fagan test of infant intelligence |
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