Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Res Mtds - 2-1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the thing that you manipulate in an experiment? | The independent variable. |
| What are the levels of the independent variable? | They are the different variables you take into an account during an experiment. Because there are so many, they are usually limited to a small number. |
| What is the thing that you measure in the experiment? | The dependent variable. |
| What does it mean to manipulate the independent variable? | It is what you did to create the conditions in which the independent variables remain controlled. |
| What is internal validity? | The extent to which a significant IV-DV relationship is casual and not spurious. IV is independent variable, and DV is dependent variable |
| What is a confound? | An extraneous variable that changes in parallel with an independent variable. |
| What is a very important measure of quality concerning an experiment and its variables? | It is especially important that independent variables are held constant and equal across all conditions. |
| What are the 2 classes of variables? | Manipulated and Measured. |
| What is the manipulation class of variable? | Things that are completely under the control of the experimenter and are set by the experimenter; things that do not depend in any way on the subject. |
| What is the measure class of variable? | Things that are at least partly determined by or built-in to the subject; things that cannot be completely controlled by the experimenter |
| What are the 3 types of manipulated variables? Define. | 1) Situational – features of the environment e.g., # of witnesses, lighting, background noise. 2) Task – elements of what subjects are asked to do e.g., easy vs hard “trials.” 3) Instructional – elements of how subjects are asked to do the task. |
| What are the 2 types of measured variables? Define. | 1) Stable; difficult/impossible to manipulate ethically; also called subject variables. 2) Labile; easy to manipulate ethically and called data variables |
| What are the 3 ways in which variables are treated? Define. | 1)Potential Cause; thing of interest that could (directly/indirectly) (help) determine the value of another variable of interest 2)Effect; measured thing of interest (that could be influenced by the potential cause) 3)Extraneous; potential not of interest |
| What is the definition of “experiment?” | It must have at least one manipulated (independent) variable, and one labile (dependent) variable |
| What does it mean to have a significant IV-DV relationship? | The data from the different conditions are different and it isn’t just due to chance. |
| What does it mean to have a “casual” relationship in Internal Validity? | The data from the different conditions are different because of the planned difference between the conditions. |
| What does the definition of internal validity mean when the IV-DV relationship must “not be spurious?” | As opposed to the data from different conditions being different for some other reason than what is stated. |
| What must be true in order for a variable to be called a “manipulated variable”? | In order to be a manipulated variable, the variable must be under the complete control of the experimenter. If the variable in any way depends on the subject, then it is a measured variable, instead. |
| What are the sub-types of manipulated variable and do the differences between them make a difference? | Situational (features of the environment), task (elements of what Ss are asked to do), and instructional (elements of how Ss are asked to do the task). It makes a difference when thinking about possible confounds. |
| What are the sub-types of measured variable and do the differences between them make a difference? | Stable (e.g., gender or handedness) and labile (e.g., mood or response time). Only a labile measured variable can be used as the dependent/data variable in an experiment. Stable aren’t used as dependent variables. |
| What are the two elements (in terms of variables) of an experiment and what are their names? [Be clear about the specific class and type for each variable.] | In order to be an experiment, there must be a manipulated variable that is referred to as the “independent variable.” There must also be a measured variable of the labile sub-type and is referred to as the “dependent variable.” |
| What is the difference between the manipulation and the independent variable used in an experiment? Why is this distinction useful? | The manipulation is what you did to create the conditions of the experiment. The independent variable is the way in which the conditions differ. This distinction is useful because the manipulation is the action taken to maintain the independent variables. |
| What two things must be true about a variable in order for it to be used as the independent variable in an experiment? [Hint: note that the label “independent variable” has two words] | It must be completely under the control of the experimenter and vary across conditions. Being under complete control isn’t enough because if it doesn’t vary across conditions, it's a constant, not a variable. Thus, there are always at least 2 conditions. |
| What is a confound? | Any observable variable that changes in parallel with an indpt. variable. Note that the correlation between the confound & the indpt. variable doesn’t need to be perfect in order for it to be a confound. Any correlation other than 0 makes it a confound. |
| Why do we care if there are confounds in a given experiment? | They threaten internal validity. If you have 1 or more confounds, then you can’t be sure whether the differences in the data are due to the indpt. variable or the confound. You’d have to do more research to learn the real cause of the differences. |
| The variable that is created by the manipulation is called (A) the dependent variable, (B) the determined variable, (C) the independent variable, or (D) the observed variable_______ | The answer to the first MC question is C – the independent variable; note that options B and D are completely made-up. |
| The data variable for an experiment... (A) must be quantitative (numerical) (B) can be quantitative or qualitative, but quantitative is preferred (C) can be quantitative or qualitative, but qualitative is preferred (D) must be qualitative (categorical) | The answer to the second question is B. The DV for an experiment can be any labile measured variable, but analyzing qualitatives is much, much harder and should be avoided, if possible. |
Created by:
jacobsullivan91
Popular Psychology sets