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Chpater 8 machines
Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Work | The result of a force causing an object to move in the direction of the force. |
| Work is ONLY done when | The direction of force and direction of motion are the same direction. |
| These 2 things must be present in order for work to be occurring | The object moves as the force is applied and the direction of the objects motion is the same as the direction of the force. |
| What is the work formula? | Work equals force times distance |
| Power | The rate at which work is done. |
| What is the power formula? | Power equals work done divided by time it took to do the work. |
| Watt | The unit to express power. |
| Machine | A device that helps make work easier. |
| Work Input | The work you do on a machine. |
| Work Output | The work done by a machine. |
| When can work output be GREATER than work input? | Never. |
| “Machines don’t save work” . True or false? Explain your answer | true, they make work easier however you still have to do work on the machine. |
| Mechanical Advantage | How many times the machine multiplies the force. |
| Mechanical Advantage formula | output force divided by the input force. |
| What are the 6 simple machines? | Lever, Pulley, Inclined plane, wedge, screw, and axle. |
| Lever | A simple machine consisting of a bar that pivots at a fixed point, called a fulcrum. |
| Examples of a lever | See Saw, hammer, wheel barrow. |
| Fulcrum | A bar that pivots at a fixed point. |
| Examples of each of the 3 classes of levers | Class 1: See Saw, Class 2: Wheel Barrow, Class 3: Hammer. |
| Inclined Plane | A simple machine that is a straight, slanted surface. |
| How do you increase the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane? | the longer the inclined plane is than the height, the higher the mechanical advantage. |
| Examples of Inclined Planes | Ramp |
| Wedge | A double inclined plane that moves. |
| Examples of Wedges | Knife, doorstops, and axe heads. |
| Screws | An inclined plane that is wrapped in a spiral. |
| Examples of Screws | A screw and a jar lid. |
| How do you change the mechanical advantage of a screw? | The loner the spiral on a screw is and the closer together the threads, than the greater the screw’s mechanical advantage. |
| Wheel & Axle | A simple machine consisting of two circular objects of different sizes. |
| Examples of Wheel & Axle | A steering wheel. |
| Pulley | A simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel that holds a rope or a cable. |
| Examples of Pulleys | A crane. |
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