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Behavioral Psych
Quiz 2
| Concept | Definition |
|---|---|
| Contiguity | The temporal relation between the CS and the US. A high level of contiguity make a stronger CR when coupled with high contingency |
| Contingency | How well the CS predicts the occurance of the US. High level of predictability coupled with high contingency produces a stronger CR |
| Rescorla-Wagner concept | on each trial the CS gains associative strength however the amount of assoc. strength gained decreases with each successive trial until the maximum association is reached |
| Rescorla-Wagner model | deltaV=S[Vmax-(V-Vsum)]; change in assoc. strength = salience of CS[the max AS value - ( current level of AS -the sum of AS for any other CS present)] |
| Waston & Raynor's Little Albert Experiment | conditioned fear by pairing touching a rat (CS) with a loud noise (US) which led to the startle and crying (CR) the new response to the rat was called a conditioned emotional response (CER) |
| Systematic Desensitization | create hierarchy of fear; establish relaxation technique; pair relaxation and fear while moving up the hierarchy |
| Flooding | expose organism to fear until they calm down |
| Why Sys. Desense. & flooding work | exposure without negative consequences |
| Cravings | repeated pairing of drug (CS) and sypmtome (US) create strong CR which is opposite of UR so more drug is needed to counteract the CR effect |
| Tolerance | body can deal with high doses because of strong CR |
| Withdrawal | Stopping use eliminates UR but the CR remains |
| Overdose Experiment | built tolerance in two groups of rats; gave twice normal amount to one group in same cage as usual and twice amount to one group in different cage; different cage rats died because there was a lack of CR to oppose UR |
| Emitted behavior | voluntary and not entirely dependant on the presentation of stimuli |
| Elicited Behavior | involuntary and entirely based on presentation of the stimuli |
| Discriminative stimulus | Sd: reliably occurs before behavior and signals the availability of consequence; Sdelta signals that consequence is not available but comes before behavior |
| Operant Class | a variety of behaviors that result in the same consequence |
| Operant behavior | behavior that operates on its environment to produce consequences |
| Reinforcement | causes increase in behavior |
| Punishment | Causes decrease in behavior |
| Positive | adds stimulus |
| Negative | subtracts stimulus |
| Positive Reinforcement | Sd: R -> Sr+ ; behavior reinforced by adding stimuli |
| Positive Punishment | Sd: R -> Sr- ; behavior reduced by adding adversive stimuli |
| Negative Reinforcement | Sd: R -> Sr+; behavior reinforced by subtracting adversive stimuli |
| Negative Punishment | Sd: R -> Sr-; behavior decreased by subtracting stimuli |
| Extinction | Removal of reinforcer will cause decrease in behavior |
| Extinction burst | small temporary increase in rate of operant behavior immediately after extinction begins |
| Operant Variability | new versions of operant emerge or previously reinforced operant return |
| Partial Reinforcement Effect | behaviors that are reinforced consistently will extinguish faster than behaviors that are reinforced intermittently because discrimination between reinforcement and extinction becomes more difficult to make |
| Shaping | target behavior, begin reinforcing behaviors that can lead to target; extinct old behaviors |
Created by:
alexamareschal
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