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Pharm. Unit II TC
Unit II questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a process that occurs when the rate of drug administration exceeds the rate of drug excretion, resulting in the gradual increase in the blood level of a drug. | accumulation |
| any undesired, unintended, and noxious eddect of a drug occuring after doses given for prophylactic, diagnostic, or therpeutic purposes | adverse drug reaction |
| a severe allergic reaction maniphested by cardiovascular and respiratory collapse, laryngeal edema, hives, and urticaria. Mediated by IgE antibiotics | anaphylactic reaction |
| a drug or substance which will counteract the effect of a poison | antidote |
| one or more drugs dissolved in water | aqueous solution |
| one or more drugs finely divided in a liquid such as water | aqueous suspension |
| causing the death and destruction of bacteria | bacteroicidal |
| inhibiting the growth of bacteria | bacteriostatic |
| the percentage of an administered dose that is absorbed | bioavailability |
| cures a disease or condition | curative effect |
| the inappropriate intake of a substance, either continually or periodically: has two main facets - dependence and habituation | drug abuse |
| the improper use of common medications in ways that lead to acute and chronic toxicity; both OTC and perscription drugs may be misused | drug misuse |
| deleterious effects of a drug on an organism or tissue resulting from intentional or unintentional overdosage | drug toxicity |
| a sweetened and aromatic solution of alcohol and water used as a vehicle for medications (such as OTC=cough elixirs) | elixir |
| a problem or disease caused intentionally by medical therap - and can be due to drug therapy | iatrogenic |
| amount that will cause death (fatal) | lethal dose |
| amount necessary to get the blood level to a therapeutic level | loading dose |
| occurs when the effect of a medication is confined to one area of the body (example - topical medication) | local effect |
| amount needed to therapeutically treat the person on a regular basis | maintenance dose |
| largest amount that can be given safely | maximal dose |
| any product of metabolism (the products of the biotranformation or detoxification of drugs) | metabolites |
| smallest dose necessary for therapeutic effect | minimal dose |
| the conversion of a fine mist or spray from a liquid | nebulization |
| relieves the symptoms of disease or problem but does not affect the disease itself | palliative effect |
| highest plasma level achieved by a single dose when the elimination rate of a drug equals the absorption rate | peak plasma level |
| a classification to which most drugs belong; how drugs act in the body; it can increase or decrease rate of existing physiologic functions but cannot change the tye of function or creat a new function | pharmocodynamics |
| the study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs in the human body (absorption, distribution, biotranformation or metabolism, and excretion) | pharmocokinetics |
| maintained concentration of a drug in the lasma during a series of scheduled doses (example- antibiotics) | plateau |
| a synergistic drug interaction in which the effect of the one drug is enhances by the presence of the second drug 1+1=3 | potentiation |
| returns the body to health (ex: vitamins, minerals) | restorative effect |
| drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a response are known as | agonists |
| the study of the mathematical relationships among the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of individual medicines over time is called | pharmacokinetics |
| the process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the circulationg fluids of the body for distribution | absorption |
| is a skin irritation to antibodies that is most commonly manifested as raised irregularly shaped patches on the skin with severe itching | hives |
| the ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and become cancerous | carcinogenicity |
| a drug interaction that produces an increased action is known as | additive effect |
| two drugs with similar actions that produce an effect substantially greater than either drug administered alone are said to be | synergistic |
| when one drug moves the original drug administered from a binding site to produce an increased drug effect, | displacement |
| drug ________ is defined as one drug chemically destroyed a second drug if mixed otgether prior to administration. | incompatability |
| T/F drugs that attach to a receptor but do not stimulate a response are called antagonists | true |
| T/F in the enternal route, the drug bypasses the GI tract. | false |
| T/F drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a response but inhibit other responses are called partial agonists | true |
| T/F a drug that induces a birth defect is known as a teratogen | true |
| T/F drug dependence occurs when a person behins to require a higher dosage to produce the same effects that a lower doasage once provided. | false |
| T/F percutaneous route is the administration of drugs by subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection | false |
| T/F enternal route is the adninistration of drugs to the GI tract | true |
| T/F agonists stimulate a response at a receptor site on the cells | true |
| T/F Parital agonists stimulate some responses while inhibiting others at a receptor site on the cells. | true |
| T/F perenteral route is the administration of drugs by inhalation, sublingual, or topical methods | false |
| T/F receptors are specific sites within the body where a drug acts. | true |
| T/F antagonists cause a drug response at a receptor site | false |
| T/F absorption refers to the ability of a drug to be integrated into the body fluids | true |
| T/F metabolism is the activation of a drug for use by the body | false |
| T/F distibution is the transportation of a drug by the body fluids for utilization within the body | true |
| T/F excretion of a drug is the elimination of a drug from the body | true |
| T/F biotranformation is another term for excretion of a drug | false |
| T/F drug blood level is a measurement of the amount of drug present in the blood at the specific time of the blood draw | true |
| What are the two promary routes for drug excretion? 1.skin and lungs 2.GI tract and skin 3.renal tubules and GI tract 4.lungs and renal tubules | renal tubules and GI tract |
| how does drug distribution occur? 1. by decreasing body protein levels 2. by transporting in clood and lymphatic systems 3. by keeping the drug at toxic levels 4. by increasing the amount of adipose tissue | by transporting in blood and lymphatic systems |
| when a combination of two drugs will provide a greater effect than the sum of the effect of each drug if given alone, what is this called? 1. additive effect 2. synergistic effect 3. antagonistic effect 4. displacement | synergistic effect |
| a partial agonist is a drug that does what? 1. stimulates action at receptor sites within the circulating blood 2. stimulates one resp. & inhibits another resp. 3. inhibits resp. when attched to receptor site 4. stimulates a response at a receptor si | stimulates one response and inhibits another response |
| what is another name for an idiosyncratic reaction? 1. allergic reaction 2. unexpected reaction 3. teratogenic reaction 4. drug overresponse | unexpected reaction |
| the literature states that the half-life of a particular drug is 8 hours. this means that what percentage of the drug will have been excreted in this time period? 1. 25 2. 30 3. 50 4. 75 | 50 |
| what is a desired drug action? 1. the predictable/usual response to the drug 2. an unusual or idiosyncratic response to a drug 3. capable of inducing cell mutations 4. the development of symptoms that should be reported to the prescribing physician | the predictable/usual response to the drug |
| a patient now requires a higher dose of a pain medication to produce the same effect that a lower dose of the medication once provided. what does the nurse identify this phenomenon as? 1. placebo effect 2. tolerance 3. drug dependence 4. drug accumula | tolerance |
| which term is used to describe the effect of a first drug inhibiting metabolism or excretion of a second drug, causing increased activity of the second drug? 1. interference 2. incompatibility 3. displacement 4. reaction | interference |
| nurses working with patients who have disease of which organ are at an increased risk of developing toxicity to the drug because most drugs are eliminated through this organ system 1. lungs 2. pancreas 3. heart 4. kidneys | kidneys |
| which factors affect pharmacokinetics? (select all that apply) 1. age 2. disease 3. dehydration 4. psychological factors 5. drug tolerance 6. height | age, disease, dehydration, psychological factors, drug tolerance |
| which methods are considered percutaneous routes of drug administration?(select all that apply) 1. subcutaneous 2. inhalation 3. sublingual 4. rectal 5. topical | inhalation, sublingual, topical |
| if a patient is given 100 mg of a drug that has a half life of 12 hours, how much of the drug will remain in the body after 12 hours? 1. 50 mg (50%) 2. 25 mg (25%) 3. 12.5 mg (12.5%) 4. 6.25 mg (6.25%) | 50 mg (50%) |
| patients who have an anahylatic reaction from an administered drug typically experience which signs/symptoms?(select all that apply) 1. severe itching 2. irticaria 3. diarrhea 4. respiratory distress 5. cardiovascular collapse | respiratory distress, cardiovascular collapse |
| replaces body fluids or substances (thyroxine for hyothyroidism; insulin for diabetes mellitus) | substitutive effect |
| supports body function until other treatment or the body's response can take over (ex norepinephrine bitartrate for low BP; levophed = vasopressor); asprin for high body temp ( fever or pyrexia) | supportive effect |
| occurs when the drug is absorbed, delivered to more than one body tissue, and affects the body as a whole | systemic effect |
| the desired effect or the primary effect intended (reason it was given) | therapeutic effect |
| __________ medicine is a developing science that studies the differences in the normal function of men and women and how people of each sex perceive and experience disease | gender-specific |
| at __________ year(s) of age, the childs stomach pH approximates that of an adult | one |
| drugs that are relatively insoluble are transported in the circulation by being bound to _________ proteins | plasma |
| certain medicines require that blood be drawn twice to assess both subtherapeutic levels and the potential for toxicity. one of the levels is drawn at 30 minutes before the next dose is to be administered to obtain the _____. | trough |
| another is drawn at 20 minutes after the medicine has been administered intravenously to obtain the _____ or highest blood level. | peak |
| term to used to describe patients requiring multiple drug therapy | polypharmacy |
| T/F transdermal administration of drugs to the geriatric population is often difficult to predict because dermal thickness increases with aging. | false |
| T/F medicines given intramusculaarly are usually erratically absorbed in both neonates and older adults | true |
| T/F men and women respond to medications differently | true |
| T/F therapeutic drug monitoring is the measurement of a drug's concentration in biologic fluids to correlate the dosage administered and the level of medicine in the body with the pharmacologic response | true |
| T/F drug metabolism is the process by which the body inactivates medicines | true |
| T/F the older adult population includes people 65 years and older | true |
| T/F absorption of drugs administered intramuscular is consistent and predictable | false |
| T/F transdermal drug absorption has a predictable rate | false |
| T/F enertic-coated and substained-release tablets are absorbed erratically if crushed | true |
| T/F passive diffusion requires cellular energy | false |
| T/F the gastric emptying time of an older adult and a premature infant are slow and result in increased drug absorption | true |
| T/F hydrolosis involves the chemical breaking down of a compound, such as a drug, in water | true |
| T/F the older adult patient has a greater percentage of total body fluid than an infant | false |
| T/F drug elimination if affected by the number of functional renal tubules | true |
| T/F albumin is a protein to which drugs bind for transport | true |
| T/F "unbound" drug is the active portion of the drug dose available for the desired drug action | true |
| T/F "bound" drug is the portion of the drug causing the desired drug action | false |
| T/F the term infant is used to signify babies 0-1 month of age | false |
| T/F gender-specific medicine studies how disease differences affect normal funtions of men and women. | true |
| T/F the pH environment of the GI tract affects passive diffusion and gastric emptying time | true |
| T/F some drugs such as erythromycin, prednisolone, diazepam, and verapamil are metabolized more rapidly in men than in women | false |
| T/F salica assays may be used for therapeutic drug monitoring of some types of medications | true |
| T/F "peak" and "trough" laboratory values should be communicated promptly to the rescribing health care provider | true |
| T/F household teaspoon provide a safe, reliable measurement for drug doses. | false |
| T/F many drugs, in addition to street drugs, may be teratogenic | true |
| Which statement about the specific needs of pediatric patients receiving medications is correct? 1. infants and you children have lower total body water content than adults 2. many medicines are not approved by the FDA for use in children | many medicines are not approved by the FDA for use in children |
| which type of medication is most likely to cause an allergic reaction in a 2 year old child? 1. pain relievers 2. cough suppressants 3. antibiotics 4. topical lotions | antibiotics |
| which statements are true?(s.a.t.a) 1.water-soluble drugs are absorbed more readily in infants 2 transdermal absorption in older adult patients is often difficult to predict 3 sublingual tablets should not be crushed | 1,2,3 |
| a mother who is nursing her young infant tells the nurse she has been takin asprin for stress headaches. what is the nurse's best resonse 1 an aspirin once in a while will have no effect on baby 2 asprin has been associated with significant adverse efec | asprin has been associated with significant adverse effects |
| the prescriber orders peak and trough levels on a patient receiving gentamicin therapy at 0800,1600,2400. the 1st dose was administered at 1600. what time does nurse obtain trough level 1 1630 2 1800 3 2330 4 0730 | 2330 |
| The ______ domain is the level at which basic knowledge is learned and stored | cognitive |
| the ______ domain involves the learning of a new procedure or skill; it is often referred to as the doing domain | phychomotor |
| the assumption that ones culture provides the right way the best way and the only way to live | ethnocentrism |
| T/F affective behavior is conduct that expresses feelings, needs, beliefs, values, and opinions | true |
| T/F when providing patient teaching, it is best to begin with the information that the nurse feels if most important to be taught | false |
| T/F explaining the various self-care needs to an individual and exploring his or her prior knowledge is an example of the affective domain of learning | false |
| T/F establishing an environment that is conducive to learning is essential to the overall learning process | true |
| T/F deciding what to teach and how much to teach is essential to the learning process | true |
| T/F utilizing an established teaaching plan that all nurses can build on is important to the contuity of health teaching | true |
| T/F health teaching is valued by all individuals equally | false |
| T/F children may need adaptions in prepared learning materials based on their age, learning capabilities, and development | true |
| T/F it is best to explain all the information needed for self-care so the teaching plan on the chart documents that all the health teaching was accomplished prior to discharge | false |
| T/F illness may not have the same meaning for all individuals | true |
| a nurse is preparing to teach a patient the subcutaneous insulin administration process. the nurse will be working with the patient in which domain of learning? 1 cognitive 2 psychomotor 3 affective 4 effective | psychomotor |
| which is the best way for the nurse to teach a patient how to perform postoperative dressing changes at home? 1 show the patient a video 2 ask the patient if he/she has any questions 3 have the patient demonstrate | ask the patient if he/she has any questions |
| when teaching patients psychmotor skills, what is the most useful way for the nurse to ensure mastery of content taught 1 written test 2 asking the patient if he/she understands 3 recirocal demonstrations 4 verbal description of the process taught | reciprocal demonstrations |
| before teaching to a patient about the care of a colostomy, what is most important for the nurse to do? 1. schedule enough time to complete the teaching 2 ensure that the patients basic needs, such as pain relief, are met before initiating a teaching pl | ensure that the atients basic needs, such as pain releif, are met before initiating a teaching plan |
| when conducting patient education using an interpreter which techniques will the nurse be sure to use (S.A.T.A) 1 sometimes supplementing with pics when interacting with the patient 2 using pantomime when interacting with the patient | 1,2 |
| what techniques does the nurse use when teaching an older patient? 1 slow the pace of the presentation 2 limit the length of each session 3 connect new ideas with past experiences 4 avoid repetition of content | 1,2,3 |
| when psychomotor skills are being taught, what is most effective for the nurse to do? (S.A.T.A) 1 use paper and pencil tests to ensure mastery 2 allow the learner to practice a task several times 3 provide immediate feedback | 2,3 |
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