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Bio Psyc - Chpt 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What Is Biological Psychology? | Biological psychology, or behavioral neuroscience, is the study of biological bases of psychological processes and behavior. |
| What is Neuroscience? | the study of the nervous system. |
| What are the Five Viewpoints to Explore the Biology of Behavior? | 1. Describing behavior 2. Studying evolution of behavior 3.Observing the development of behavior over the life span 4. Studying biological mechanisms of behavior 5. Studying applications of biological psychology, as in behavioral dysfunction. |
| What does it mean to describe behavior? | Behavior can be described in terms of acts or processes, or in terms of results or functions. |
| What are the two ways species can be compared to study the evolution of the brain and behavior? | Continuity of behavior and biological processes because of common ancestry •Differences in behavior and biology that have evolved as adaptations |
| What is the name of a trait passed from a common ancestor? | A conserved trait |
| How does one observe the development of behavior? | Through Ontogeny, which is the process of growing up and growing old. |
| How does one study the biological mechanisms of behavior? | We study their neurons, or nerve cells, and the neuronal activity taking place that contributes to underlying behavior. |
| What are the three applications of biological psychology? | Somatic –alteration of a structure or function to see how behavior is altered Behavioral –intervention in a behavior to see how structure or function is altered Correlation measures how much a body measure varies with a behavioral measure. |
| What 2 aspects of experiments are used when applying any principle of application? | An independent variable is the factor that is being manipulated. A dependent variable is what is measured in response to changes in the independent variable. |
| What is Neuroplasticity? | Neuroplasticity, or neural plasticity, describes the ability of the brain to be changed by environment and by experience. |
| When can neuroplasticity take place? | This can occur during development as well as in adulthood. |
| Can social interaction result in brain changes? | Yes; as an example, during an experiment with rats, social isolation led to the amygdala area involved with processing odors information becoming stunned. |
| What is a level of analysis? | Levels of analysis range from social interaction down to the molecular level. |
| What is reductionism? | Reductionism breaks a system down into its smaller parts, in order to understand it. |
| How many people suffer from a neurological or psychiartric disorder? | One person in five suffers from some form of neurological or psychiatric disorder. |
| Who wrote about the heart being the seat of mental capacities? | Early Egyptians and Greeks, including Aristotle, first thought the heart was the seat of mental capacities. |
| Who first wrote about the brain being the seat of thoughts and emotions? | Hippocrates wrote of the brain as the seat of thoughts and emotions. |
| Who was the first to create detailed drawings of the brain? | Renaissance scientist Leonardo da Vinci pioneered anatomical drawings, including the use of cross-sections. |
| What did Descartes talk about in his book? (found to be partially incorrect?) | •Explained animal behavior in terms of a machine •Proposed the concept of spinal reflexes and their neural pathways •Proposed the pineal gland as the junction between mind and body |
| What is dualism and who suggested it? | Fearing opposition from the Church, Descartes withheld publication of his book until 1662, after his death. Dualism is the idea put forth by Descartes that humans have a nonmaterial soul as well as a material body. |
| What is phrenology, and when was it first coming into being? | In the 19th century, phrenology assigned separate functions to cortical areas. Bumps on the skull were thought to overlie enlarged brain regions which were then matched to behaviors. |
| What did Paul Broca contribute to neurology? | Paul Broca showed that language ability is restricted to a small area, based on a patient with damage in that region. |
| What do scientists mostly agree on when it comes to consciousness? | Most scientists agree that consciousness, the state of awareness of one’s own existence and experience, is important and is connected to brain activity. However, some brain activity is unconscious. |
| What part of the brain is improtant for arousal? Current experience? | The deep parts of our brain are important for arousal and topmost parts of the brain are responsible for current experience. |
Created by:
jacobsullivan91
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