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Chapter 16-r.act.
Radioactivity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alpha decay | same nucleus as a the helium atom,2 protons 2 neutrons |
| define radioactivity | some nuclei give off nuclear radiation |
| has the same definition as radioactivity | radioactive decay |
| this is the kind of energy that high-energy particles and rays are emitted by the nuclei of some atoms | nuclear radiation |
| which scientist was french and concluded that energy came from uranium | Henri Becquerel |
| this scientist named the process by which some nuclei give off nuclear radiation | Marie Curie |
| three kinds of radioactive decay | alpha, beta, and gamma decay |
| beta decay | electrons and positrons have a mass of almost 0 , no protons or neutrons |
| gamma decay | its form is a ray of light that has very high energy |
| mass number | the sum of protons and neutrons |
| isotopes | atoms that have the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element but that have different numbers of neutrons |
| a single large exposure to radiation leads to | radiation sickness |
| the penetrating abilities for an alpha particle | paper or clothing |
| the penetrating abilities for a beta particle | 3mm of aluminum |
| the penetrating abilities for a gamma particle | concrete |
| nuclear fission | the splitting of the nucleus of a large atom into two or more parts; it releases additional neutrons and energy |
| nuclear chain reaction | a continuous series of nuclear fission reactions |
| nuclear fission | the combination of the nuclei of small atoms to form a larger nucleus; releases energy |
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