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bkx MUS101 P1
MUS-101 Part #1: The Basics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Music | Sound organized in time |
| Melody (2 definitions) | 1) A series of notes which add up to form a recognizable whole, or 2) A coherent succession of single pitches |
| 4 Aspects of Melody | Range, shape, motion, articulation |
| Range | Distance between the highest and lowest notes of a melody |
| Shape | Static, arch, rising/falling line, wave |
| Motion | How the melody moves from one note to the next |
| 2 Types of Motion | Conjunct: Moves in stepwise fashion; Disjunct: Moves mostly by leaps |
| Articulation | Staccato vs. legato |
| 4 Elements of Melodic Structure | Motive, phrase, cadence, rhyme scheme |
| Motive | Smallest recognizable unit of a melody |
| Phrase | A larger structure, analogous to a sentence in spoke language |
| Cadence | A resting point at the end of a phrase |
| 2 Types of Cadence | Full cadence: Sounds complete; Half cadence: Sounds incomplete |
| Rhythm | The flow of music through time |
| Beat | Regular pulse dividing music in to equal parts |
| Tempo | Speed of the beat |
| 3 Words for Changing Tempo | Accelerando: Getting gradually faster; Ritardando: Getting gradually slower; A tempo: Returning to the original tempo |
| Meter | The organization of beats into distinguishable patterns |
| Measure | Unit separated by barlines that contain a specific number of beats |
| Time Signature | Two numbers at the beginning of a piece of music, one on top of the other, that tell how many beats are in each measure and what kind of note equals one beat |
| 3 Types of Simple Meters | Duple, triple, quadruple (these refer to the number of beats per measure: 2, 3 and 4) |
| Simple Meter | "Simple" refers to the fact that each beat can be broken into two notes |
| Compound Meter | "Compound" refers to the fact that each beat can be broken into three notes (compound meters will always involve dotted notes) |
| Additive Meter | "Additive" refers to the fact that the beats can be subdivided into smaller, irregular groups |
| Syncopation | Accent on an unexpected beat |
| Polyrhythm | Two or more concurrent divisions of the same beat |
| Harmony | "The vertical dimension" |
| Consonance | A sound of rest or repose |
| Dissonance | An active, unsettled sound |
| Harmonic Interval | The distance between two notes that sound together |
| Chord | Three or more notes sounding together |
| Triad | A particular kind of chord made up alternate notes of scale |
| Progression | A series of chords |
| 3 Types of Chords | Tonic (I), subdominant (IV) and dominant (V) |
| 2 Types of Harmonic Cadences | Authentic (V-I), Plagal (IV-I) |
| Tonic Note | "Keynote" - The central note in a piece |
| Scale | A grouping of notes that focuses attention to the tonic |
| Modulation | The change from one key to another within a piece or movement |
| Texture | Refers to the layers of sound and how they interact |
| 4 Types of Texture | Monophonic, heterophonic, homophonic, polyphonic |
| Monophonic | One voice (sound) |
| Heterophonic | Two or more voices simultaneously ornamenting the same melody |
| Homophonic | One primary voice (melody) accompanied by subordinate voices |
| Polyphonic | Simultaneous performance of 2 or more voices of equal or near equal interest |
| 2 Ways to Describe Texture | "Thick" or "thin" depending on how many voices are involved and their level of activity |
| Dynamic | Volume |
| 2 Types of Changing Dynamics | Crescendo (getting louder) and decrescendo (getting softer) |
| ff | Fortissimo |
| f | Forte |
| mf | Mezzo-forte |
| mp | Mezzo-piano |
| p | Piano |
| pp | Pianissimo |
| 3 Vocal Ranges for Women | Soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto |
| 3 Vocal Ranges for Men | Tenor, baritone, bass |
| 4 Categories of Instruments | Aerophones, chordophones, idiophones, membranophones |
| 4 Categories of Instruments in a Contemporary Western Orchestra | Strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion |
| Form | The structure of music as it plays out in time |
| 2 Constructs to Help Define Form | Repetition, contrast, variation |
| Purpose of Repetition | Binds the composition together |
| Purpose of Contrast | Changes moods and moves the music forward |
| 2 Common Forms | Binary (A B) & Ternary (A B A) |
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bamkapowxo
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