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Pharm - Ch. 76

Drugs for Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds

QuestionAnswer
Allergic rhinitis is treated with... Antihistamines, intranasal glucocorticoids, and sympathomimetic decongestants
What are the first-line drugs for allergic rhinitis? Antihistamines (H1-receptor antagonists) as well as intranasal GCs
Antihistamines have what therapeutic effects? Relief of rhinorrhea, sneezing, itching (NOT congestion!!)
Antihistamines are most effective when taken _____ and less effective when taken ______ Prophylactically; after symptoms appear
List two antihistamines Diphenhydramine, fexofenadine
What are the adverse effects of diphenhydramine and fexofenadine? Mild effects. Main one in (firs gen) diphenhydramine is sedation. Others inlude dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy.
What is the name of an intranasal GC used to treat allergic rhinitis? Beclomethasone
What is beclomethasone's mechanism of action? Prevention of inflammatory response; prevents or suppresses all major Sx of allergic rhinitis
What are the adverse effects of beclomethasone? Mild; nasal irritation, burning/itching sensation, adrenocortical suppress
What is the name of drug that acts on mast cells? Cromolyn
True or false: cromolyn has benefits for nonallergic rhinitis False. Only allergic because cromolyn acts on mast cells to suppress release of histamine and other mediators
When should cromolyn be taken? 1 week prior to onset of symptoms
What are the adverse effects of cromolyn? Few; occasional cough and bronchospasm
What sympathomimetics are used to treat allergic rhinitis? Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
What is the mechanism of action for pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine? Stimulation of alpha1 receptors on smooth muscle of nasal blood vessels. Vasoconstriction occurs, causes decreased nasal drainage
True or false: pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are general adrenergic agonists False. Specifically alpha1 agonists
What is rebound congestion? When blood vessels get used to agonizing of alpha1 receptors, so when drug dc'd, vasodilation occurs
True or false: topical sympathomimetics cause rebound congestion when used for more than a few days True
Oral sympathomimetics produce what effects? CNS and cardiovascular stimulation. DOES NOT cause rebound congestion
Pseudephedrine and phenylephrine would be contraindicated in what patients? Those c. HTN, coronary artery disease due to systemic vasoconstriction
_______ are drugs used to suppress cough Antitussives
What are the two major groups of antitussives? Opioid and non-opioid antitussives
_____ is a member of the opioid family and one of the most effective cough suppressants available Codeine.
______ is the most effective NONopioid cough suppressant Dextromethorphan
True or false: there is clear evidence that codeine, dextromethorphan, and other cough medicines can suppress cough associated with common cold False. There isn't good evidence of this
_____ is a drug that renders cough more productive by stimulating flow of respiratory tract secretions Expectorant
_____ is a drug that reacts directly with mucus to make it more watery. This action should make cough more productive. Mucolytic
Opioid antitussives suppress cough by acting where? CNS or peripherally
True or false: all opioid analgesics have ability to suppress cough True
What are the characters of hydrocodone? Opioid antitussive, more potent than codeine, increased risk of abuse
What are the names of nonopioid antitussives? Dextromethorphan and diphenhydramine
True or false: antitussives are meant to suppress productive cough False. Meant to suppress nonproductive ones
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine drug that can also ______. It has sedative and anti______ properties Suppress cough. Anticholinergic
True or false: dextromethorphan can act on CNS with excessive doses True. Can produce analgesia, euphoria, or physical dependence. At therapeutic [] SE mild.
True or false: cold remedies only treat symptoms and usually contain mutiple drugs True. Potential for DDI increases.
Created by: choel
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