Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharm - Ch. 75
Drugs for Asthma
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two categories of drugs used to treat asthma? | Anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilators |
| The principal anti-inflammatory drugs are _____ | Glucocorticoids |
| The principal bronchodilators are _______ | Beta2 agonists |
| What is the most common route for asthma administration? | Inhalation. |
| Why does inhalation increase therapeutic effects? | Delivers drugs directly to site of action, reduces systemic effects, and facilitates rapid relief of acute attacks. |
| Name the devices used for inhalation | Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) and nebulizers. |
| _____ attach directly to a MDI to _____ delivery of drugs to lungs and decrease deposition of drug on _______ mucosa | Spacers; increase; orophargyneal |
| Which inhaler is breath-activated (and without the use of a propellant)? | DPIs |
| Which inhaler produces a fine mist and takes minutes to administer? | Nebulizers |
| ______ is a short-acting inhaled prototype | Albuterol |
| ______ is a long-acting inhaled prototype | Salmeterol |
| True or false: salmeterol produces rapid onset and short duration of action | False. Albuterol produces rapid onset and is short-acting |
| Albuterol and salmeterol are typically well tolerated, but can cause systemic SE with _____ use by activating _______ receptors in other places | Long-term; beta2 |
| True or false: when given albuterol or salmeterol at chronically high doses PO, the drugs can result in tachycardia | True. There is potential for cross reactivity with beta1 R. |
| True or false: albuterol is never given by itself | False. It is salmeterol that isn't given alone due to increased health morbidity/mortality |
| Oral beta2 agonist drugs are _____ acting | Long |
| True or false: with inhaled agents, all are SABA (short-acting beta2 agonists) | False. Some are also long-acting (example: salmeterol) |
| _____ are the most effective drugs for relieving _________ and preventing acute episodes of ____________ | Inhaled SABAs; acute bronchospasm; exercise-induced bronchospasm |
| True or false: LABA are used for rescue therapy | False. Indication is for long-term control |
| LABAs should be used while taking ______ | Glucocorticoids |
| ________ are the most effective antiasthma drugs available | Glucocorticoids |
| How do glucocorticoids reduce Sx of asthma? | By suppressing inflammation and increasing responsiveness to beta2 agonists |
| Inhaled and systemic GCs are used for _________ of asthma | Long-term prophylaxis |
| True or false: GCs can be administered as PRN | No, need to be administered on fixed schedule |
| GCs should be administered by _______ unless treating severe asthma | Inhalation |
| List the principal SE of inhaled GC and how they can be prevented | Orophargyneal candidiasis, dysphonia, which can be minimized by using spacer and gargling after administration |
| How can one minimize the loss of bone while on inhaled GCs? | 1) use lowest dosage possible, 2) perform weight-bearing exercise, 3) take enough Ca and vit D. |
| True or false: GCs slow the growth rate of children and result in reduced adult height | False. While GCs slow growth rate, they DO NOT reduce adult height |
| Prolonged therapy with oral GCs cause the following SE: | Adrenal suppression, osteoporosis, growth suppression |
| Patients taking oral glucocorticoids (or patients who have switched from oral to inhaled glucocorticoids), must be given what at times of stress? | Supplemental doses of oral or intravenous GC |
| What is the prototype of inhaled GC? | Beclomethasone |
| What is the prototype of oral GC? | Prednisone |
| _______ are the first line of therapy for moderate to severe asthma | Inhaled GCs |
| _______ used if other medications not responsive to asthma | Oral GCs |
| What is the name of the drug that can be used as prophylaxis of asthma on a PRN schedule? | Cromolyn |
| Cromolyn is a ___(1)__ stabilizer, which suppresses ___(2)__ by __(3)__ release of __(4)_____ | (1) mast cell; (2) inflammation; (3) inhibiting; (4) histamine |
| True or false: cromolyn is a bronchodilator | False; it is a anti-inflammatory medication |
| What are the SE of cromolyn? | Regarded as safest of all antiasthma meds, but occasional cough and bronchospasm may develop |
| Cromolyn is used PRN for _______. For long-term prophylaxis, cromolyn taken on a _______ | Exercise-induced bronchospasm; fixed schedule |
| Leukotrienes cause what sort of physiological effects? | Bronchoconstriction, mucous production, airway edema |
| How do leukotriene modifiers help asthma patients? | By suppressing the effects of leukotrienes, therefore decreasing inflammation, bronchoconstriction, edema, mucous secretion, and recruitment of inflammatory cells |
| Leukotriene modifiers are _____ than inhaled GCs | Less effective |
| What is the drug prototype of leukotriene modifiers? | Montelukast |
| How are leukotriene modifiers administered? | Orally. Can be administered PRN or prophylactically |
| Leukotriene modifiers are used for _____ type of therapy | Maintenance |
| What are the adverse effects of montelukast? | Drug well tolerated, but can cause headache and GI problems Also possible liver toxicity and GC DDI |
| ________ is a member of the methylxanthine family and relieves asthma by causing ______ | Theophylline; bronchodilation |
| Is theophylline commonly used today? | No, there are safer and more effective current medications |
| Oral theophylline is used for maintenance therapy of _____ type asthma | Chronic and stable |
| Theophylline has a _____ therapeutic index | Very narrow (10 - 20 microg/mL) |
| Theophylline's toxicity manifests in... | Dysrhythmias (v-fib) and convulsions. Multiple DDIs exist too, with caffeine and cimetidine in particular |
| What are the four classes of chronic asthma? | Intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, severe persistent. Dx dependent on current impairment and future risk |
| Intermittent asthma is treated _______ | PRN, to abort the few acute episodes that occur |
| For persistent asthma, therapy is composed of daily inhalation of _____. Inhaled LABA added to regimen when asthma more severe. | Glucocorticoid |
| For acute severe exacerbations of asthma, patients should receive what? | Oxygen, systemic glucorticoid, nebulized SABA plus nebulized ipratropium |
Created by:
choel
Popular Pharmacology sets