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Forms Midterm
Poetry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Meter | measurement (counting of accents or syllables) |
| Four types of meter | accentual, syllabic, accentual-syllabic, quantitative |
| Stress | ictus, the emphasis with which a word is spoken. |
| Iamb | unstressed+stressed |
| Trochee | stressed+unstressed |
| Spondee | stressed+stressed |
| Pyrrhic | unstressed+unstressed |
| Anapest | unstressed+unstressed+stressed |
| Dactyl | stressed+unstressed+unstressed |
| 1 foot per line | monometer |
| 2 feet per line | dimeter |
| 3 feet per line | trimeter |
| 4 feet per line | tetrameter |
| 5 feet per line | pentameter |
| 6 feet per line | hexameter |
| 7 feet per line | heptameter |
| 8 feet per line | octameter |
| Elision | synaeresis (joins two vowels into nonce dipthong) and syncope (dropping of consonant or unstressed vowel) |
| Trochaic substitution signals | surprise, revelation, illumination, enlightenment, supports action of verbs. |
| Sprung Rhythm | Hopkins, based heavily on spondees because poet wants the most stress or emphasis possible, but difficult due to poor variation. |
| Iambic Pentameter | work horse of English poetry. Blank Verse. Sonnets |
| Petrarchan Sonnet | octave+sestet (laid over quatrain+quatrain+sestet), abbaabba cedcde, more variation in sestet, turn/volta at line 9 to conclusion/solution. |
| Shakespearean Sonnet | relief for rhyme-poor English. quatrain+quatrain+couplet (abab cdcd efef gg). couplet lend to wit/punch line. turn at line 13 |
| Couplet | 2 line stanza (aa) |
| Closed Couplet | end stopped by punctuation. high line integrity. (Heroic is iambic pentameter) |
| Open Couplet | heavy enjambment, obscures rhyme, weakened line integrity |
| Triplet | 3 line stanza (aaa) |
| Tercet | 3 line stanza (aba) |
| Failure of Terza Rima in English | native preference for even numbered stanzas |
| Terza Rima | interlocking tercets. translations of Dante. (aba bcb cdc...) |
| Quatrain | most common poetic form in English (abab) (abba) (aXaX) |
| Ballad/Short/Hymn/Common Measure | quatrains with alternating iambic lines of tetrameter and trimeter (aXaX) |
| Long Measure | quatrains with iambic tetrameter |
| In Memoriam Stanza | quatrain. (abba) |
| Venus and Adonis Stanza | 6 lines. pentameter. (ababcc) |
| Sestina | 6 sestets+tercet. lexical repetition |
| Ottava Rima | 8 line stanza. iambic pentameter. (abababcc) |
| Spenserian | 9 line stanza. 8 in iambic pentameter and one in iambic hexameter (alexandrine). (ababbcbcc) |
| Ghazal | Middle Eastern. unattainable love, lament. no set length. 2 line stanzas with no enjambment. repitition of same end word or phrase, rhyme precedes. end word on both lines of stanza 1. poet's name invoked at end. |
| Pantun/Pantoum | Malaisian. no set length (min of 8). quatrains. Obsessive revisiting. A1B1A2B2 B1C1B2C2 C1D1C2D2 D1A2D2A1. |
| Villanelle | 19 lines (5 tercets+quatrain). A1bA2 abA1 abA2 abA1 abA2 abA1A2 |
| Nonce Form | invented for the occasion of the poem. |
| Fixed Form | Conventions assumed to be known to reader. |
| Six basic foot types | Iamb, trochee, pyrrhic, spondee, anapest, dactyl |
| Catalexis | The end of a line is shortened by a foot or a syllable. |
| Feminine rhyme | A rhyme on two syllables. |
| Caesura | Strong interline pause |
| Synaeresis | Two vowel sounds joined to maintain a foot or meter |
| Syncope | Deletion of a vowel between consonants. example - "evry" instead of every, or "o'er" instead of over. |
| Stichic vs. Strophic | Stichic is one long paragraph, no white space. Strophic is stanzas. |
| Heroic Line | Rhyming couplets |
| What does a 2-line couplet at the end of a poem lend itself to? | Comedy or wit |
| Imagism | 1912-1914: Direct Treatment of the thing, No word that doesn't contribute to presentation, Musical phrasing of rhythm. (Pound, HD, Amy Lowell) |
| Post Modern Movement | 1950s-current: open form; political, social, and cultural upheaval reflected in art; process over product |
| Beat Movement | 1948-1960s: sense of alienation; open and organic form; surrealism; collage; performance; connection to music; critical and dismissive of academia. (Black Mountain School) |
| Language Poetry | 1970s-80s: Reaction to Black Mnt School and Beats; criticized the "personal" in poetry to focus on sound and language. |
| New Formalism | 1990s-current: Backlash/reaction to free verse; return to strict meter and form |
| What effect does a pyrrhic substitution have in a line? | Speeds up the pacing. |
| What effect does a spondiac substitution have in a line? | Slows down the pacing |
| How does a knowledge of formal meter and forms contribute to free verse in contemporary poetic practice? | There is a ghost structure underlying free verse. Some of the ideas behind form and meter can inform and strengthen free verse. |
Created by:
robinonettey
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