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CWI PSYC 101 Chap 4
Psychology in Everday Life by David G Myers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female | gender |
| physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone | aggression |
| the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome | X chromosome |
| the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child | Y chromosome |
| the most important male sex hormone. Stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty. Females have ____, but less of it | testosterone |
| a set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave | role |
| a set of expected behaviors for males or for females | gender role |
| one's sense of being male or female | gender identity |
| the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished | social learning theory |
| taking on a traditional masculine or feminine role | gender typing |
| the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female, and that they adjust their behavior accordingly | gender schema theory |
| the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution | sexual response cycle |
| a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm | refractory period |
| sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, ____ levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity | estrogens |
| a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning | sexual disorder |
| a life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ____ depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections | AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) |
| an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either our own sex (homosexual ___) or the other sex (heterosexual ___) | sexual orientation |
| the study of how our behavior and mind have changed in adaptive ways over time using principles of natural selection | evolutionary psychology |
| the adaptive process; among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations | natural selection |
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