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Study Guide Ch. 1
Introducing Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Psychology | The scientific study of behavior and the mind. |
| Major Subfields of Psychology | 1. Applied - (professional) mostly client based, largest subgroup, many in private practice. 2. Research - (academic) mostly teaching and/or research. Many in Universities and Colleges. |
| How Psychology is linked to other fields | Biology, Anthropology, Sociology, Computer Science, and Medicine. |
| Psychologist vs. Psychiatrist | Psychologist - can't prescribe medication Psychiatrist - Specifically working with disorders, can prescribe medication. |
| Neuroscience | Examine structure and function of the nervous system in humans and animals ranging from an individual cell to overt behavior. |
| Research in Psychology | We seek answers using scientific method. (gather evidence)(controlled experiments)(analyze results)(draw conclusions). Apply findings to help people. |
| British Empiricism | Philosophers believed that all ideas and knowledge are gained through the senses. |
| Psychophysics | Understanding vision and other senses. |
| Theory of Evolution | The human mind is a product of the biological continuity between humans and other species. |
| Wilhelm Wundt's approach (Consciousness) | He campaigned to study the human mind and behavior. "Building Blocks". |
| Titchner and Structuralism | Studied conscious experience and it's structure. |
| Primary source of Gestalt Psychology | Goals : to describe the organization of consciousness and principles of perpetual organization. |
| Sigmund Freud's ideas about the unconscious mind | Conscious and unconscious mind, and the importance of childhood. |
| William James's Functionalism and it's relationship to the Theory of Evolution | Functionalism is the study of how the conscious mind allows an organism to survive and adapt to the environment. |
| John B. Watson's ideas about developing psychology as a science, and behaviorism | Only behavior can be observed, only study observable behavior(animal models). |
| B. F. Skinner's contribution to behaviorism | Animal models, hands on approach. |
| Biological Approach | Assume that behavior and mental processes are largely shaped by biological processes (nervous system, hormones, and other chemicals). |
| Evolutionary Approach | Emphasize the inherited adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes. |
| Psychodynamic Approach | Emphasize the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thoughts, feelings and behavior. |
| Behavioral Approach | Human behavior is determined by what a person has learned primarily through reward and punishment. |
| Cognitive Psychology | How the brain takes in and processes information, creates perceptions, makes and retrieves memories and generates patterns of action. |
| Humanistic Psychology | Behavior that is controlled by the decisions people make about their lives based on their perception of the world. |
| Diversity od people engaged in psychology has changed over time | Broadened the fields of study. |
| Sensitivity to Sociocultural factors in psychological studies | Different cultures have so many different views and behaviors. |
| Individualist vs. collectivist | individualist - make own decisions, self profit collectivist - group persuaded decision not personal choice, society influence. |
Created by:
chloe.spencer.11
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