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Pharm Flash ch. 15

Antiepileptic Drugs

QuestionAnswer
Anticonvulsants Substances of procedures that reduce the severity of epileptic or convusant seizures.
Antiepileptics Substances that prevent or reduce the severity of epilepsy and different types of epileptic seizures, not just convulsive seizures.
Autoinduction A metabolic process in which a drug stimulates the production of enzymes that enhance its own metabolism over time, which leads to a reduction in therapeutic drug concentrations.
Convulsion A type of seizure involving excessive stimulation of neurons in the brain and characterized by the spasmodic contraction of voluntary muscles.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) A recording of the electrical activity that arises from spontaneous currents in nerve cells in the brain, derived from electrodes placed on the outer skull.
Primary Epilepsy AKA idiopathic epilepsy, of no known cause.
Epilepsy A general term for any of a group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behavior, loss of consciousness, or any combination of these.
Seizure Excessive stimulation of neurons in the brain leading to a sudden burst of abnormal neuron activity that results in temporary changes in brain function, primarily affecting sensory and motor activity.
Generalized Onset Seizure Seizures origionating in BOTH hemisphere. Formerly known as gran mal.
Partial Onset Seizure 'Focal' Seizures, more localalized area of the brain.
Status Epilepticus Generalizes Tonic-clonic convulsions that occur in a series.
Antiepileptic drugs work by: Decreasing nerve conduction.
Tonic-Clonic Seizures Seizures involving initial muscular contraction throughout the body (tonic phase), progressing to alternating contraction and relaxation (clonic phase).
Simple Seizures NO impaired consciousness, motor symptoms (face, arm, leg), hallucinations (sight, hearing, taste), somatosensory changes(tingling), personalily changes.
Complex Seizures Impaired consciousness, memory impairment, behavioral effects, purposless behaviors, aura, chewing/swallowing movements, bizarre behavior, tonic, clonic, or tonic-clonic seizures.
Partial Seizures Short alterations in consciousness, repetitive unusual movements (chewing or swallowing movements), psychologic changes, and confusion
Generalized Seizures Most often seen in children characterized by temporary lapses in consciousness lasting a few seconds. Staring off into space, daydreaming, and inattentive look are common symptoms. pts may exhibit rhythmic mnmts of their eyes, head, or hands but dont expe
Antiepiletic Drugs Barbituates(phenobarbitol, primidone), Hydantoins(Dilantin/phenytoin)Iminostilbenes(carbamazepine) Topiramate.
Drugs to treat acute seizure activity Therapy for acute seizure activity is typically diazepam (Valium), which is considered by many to be the drug of choice. Other drugs used for acute therapy include fosphenytoin, phenytoin, and phenobarbital.
The nurse administers phenytoin (Dilantin) intravenously at a rate no greater than: 50mg/min
When administering IV phenytoin(dilantin) always do what? Flush the IV with 10ml of saline to avoid precipitation.
Side Effects of Depakote/valporic acid The main side effects of valproic acid (Depakote) include drowsiness; nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal disturbances; tremor; weight gain; and transient hair loss. The most serious side are hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis.
Theraputic PHENYTOIN serum levels Therapeutic serum drug levels for phenytoin are 10 to 20 mcg/mL
Phenytoin Side Effects (dilantin) Gingival hyperplacsia. overgrowth of gums.
Popular Pharmacology sets

 

 



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