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LS2
pharmacology ch 2
| pharmacologic principles | definitions |
|---|---|
| additive effect | result of a drug interaction that occurs when 2 drugs with similar actions are given together. |
| Adverse drug event | ingury caused by a medication or faliure to admimister an intended medication;may or maynot be preventable. |
| adverse drug reaction | any unexpected respose to a medication; may or maynot be preventable. |
| agonist | a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more biochemical receptor types in the body, resulting in stimulatory or agonistic drug effects. |
| antagonist | a drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more biochemical receptor types, resulting in inhibitory or antagonistic drug effects. also called inhibitors. |
| antagonistic effect | a drug interaction that results in combined drug effects that are less than thosethat could be achieved if either drug were given alone. |
| bioavailability | term used to quantify the extent of drug absorption |
| chemical name | name that describes a drugs chemical composition |
| contraindication | any condition, including any current or recent drug therapy, especially related to disease states or other patient characteristics, that renders a particular form of treatment improper or undesirable. |
| cytochrome | term for a wide variety of tissue enzymes especially in the liver that play a significant role in drug metabolism. |
| drug | any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism |
| drug actions | the cellular processes involved in the drug and cell interaction |
| drug effect | the physiologic reaction of the body to a drug. it is similar to a drugs therapeutic effect in that it constitutes how the funtion of the body is affected as a whole by the drug. |
| drug induces teratogenesis | the study of drug induced congenital anomolies, which deal with the toxiv effects that drugs can have on a developing fetus. |
| drug interaction | alteration in the body of the pharmacologic activity of a given drug by the presence of one or more additional drugs, uwsually die to effects on the activity of enzymes required for metabolism of all involved drugs. |
| duration of action | the length of time that a drug concentration on the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response. |
| enzyme | a protien molecule that catalyzes one or more of a varienty of biochemical reactions, including those related to the body's own physiologic processes. |
| first pass effect | the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract, before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream |
| generic name | not protected by trademark also called nonproprietary name |
| iastrogenic hazard | any potential or actual patient harm that is caused by errant actions of healthcare staff members. |
| Idiosyncratic reaction s | an abnormal and unexpectedsusceptability to a medication, other than an sllergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual patient. |
| incompatibility | reaction that occurs when 2 parenternal drugs or solutions are mixed together, resulting in chemical deterioration of atleast one of the drugs. |
| medication error(ME) | any preventable ADE(adverse drug event) involving inaproriate medication use by a patient or healthcare professional;may or may not cause patient harm. |
| Medication misadventure(MM) | the broadest term for any undesirable medication-related event in patient care that is usually iatrogenic in nature.(usually caused by healthcare professionals but possibly by the patient. |
| Medication use process | the administration, dispensing, monitoring and prescribing of medications. |
| metabolite | a chemical form of a drug that is product of one or more biochemical metabolic reactions involving the parent drug. inactive metabolites lack pharmacologic activity and are simply drug waste products awaiting excretion from the body |
| onset of action | the time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response. |
| parent drug | the chemical form of a drug that is administered to the body before it is metabolized by the bodies biochemical reactions into iot's active or inactive metabolites. a parent drug that is not pharmacologically active itself is called a prodrug. |
| peak effect | the time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body. |
| pharmaeceutics | the science of dosage form design(tablets, caps, injections) |
| pharmacodynamics | the study of the biochemical and pphysiologic interactions of drugs. it examines the physicochemical properties of drugs and their pharmacologic interactions with suitable body receptors. |
| pharmacogenetics | the study of genetic factors and their influence on drug response. it investigates the nature of genetic abberations that result in the absence, overabundance, or insufficiency of drug metabolyzing enzymes. |
| parmacognosy | the study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal sources |
| pharmacokinetics | the study of drug distribution rates between various body compartments after a drug has entered the body. includes the phases of absorption,distribution metabolism and excretion of drugs. |
| pharmacology | the study or science of drugs |
| pharmacotherapeutics | the treatment of pathologic conditions thru the use of drugs |
| prodrug | an inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical chemical reactions once inside the body. often is more absorbable than its active metabolite. |
| receptor | a mole3cular structure within or on the outter surface of cells. receptors are characterized by the binding of specific substances(drug molecules) and one or more corresponding effects that occur as a result of this drug-receptor interaction. |
| steady state | the physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is = to the anount of drug absorbed with each dose. |
| substrate | a substance(drug or natural biochemical in the body) on which an enzyme acts. |
| synergist effect | a drug interaction that results fromcombined drug effects that are greater than those that could have been achieved if the drugs were given alone. |
| syrup of ipecac | an extract from the plant CEPHAELIS IPECACUANULA. it is used to induce vimmiting to clear the stomach of certain kinds of poisons. |
| therapeutic effect | the desired or intended effect of a particular medication |
| therapeutic index | difference between the minimum therapeutic and toxic concentrations of a drug |
| trade name | final name given to a drug. indicates that the drug is registered and that its production is restricted to the owner |
| Pharmacology | The study of drugs and how they work in the human/animal body? |
| intradermal | injected into the skin |
| intramuscular | injected into a muscle |
| intrathecal | injected into the meninges around the spinal cord |
| oral | administered under the tongue |
| parenteral | administered by other than oral route, specifically by injection |
| rectal | administered by rectal suppository or enema |
| subcutaneous | injected beneath the skin; hypodermic |
| sublingual | administered under the tongue |
| topical | applied to the surface of the skin |
| transdermal | absorbed through the skin |
| suppository | substance mixed and molded with a base that melts easily when inserted into a body opening |
| efficacy | the power to produce a specific result;effectiveness |
| generic name | the nonproprietary name of a drug; usually a simplified version of the chemical name. Not capitalized |
| prescription | written and signed order for a drug with directions for its administration |
| synergy | combined action of two or more drugs working together to produce an effect greater than any of the drugs could produce when acting alone |
Created by:
loreeskeen
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