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Chemistry 1405
chapter 1 & 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes. | Chemistry |
| matter | anything that has mass and occupies space. |
| A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured. | property |
| What are some of the features of the procedure known as the scientific method? | Observation, hypothesis, experiment, and theory. |
| Observation is something that is _________ and can be _________. | witnessed; recorded |
| hypothesis- a possible ________ for an observation. | explanation |
| Experiment- action we do to _______ a hypothesis. | Test |
| A set of hypothesis are organized into a _____, often called a _______. | theory; model |
| theory- an attempt to ______ some part of the universe (the why). | explain |
| A theory is used to make _______, which are compared with further observations. If they do not agree, then the theory must be ________ or _______. | predictions; modified; replaced. |
| When similar law are made in many situations, this behavior is stated as a natural_____, a summary of observations. | scientific law |
| a quantitative observation. It is made by using comparing with a standard measuring device or unit. | measurement |
| four important parts of any measurement. | number, unit, physical property, and uncertainty number that tells the precision of the measurement. |
| The ______ that tells the amount of the quantity measured. | number |
| the _____ that tells scales the measurement. | unit |
| ______is the amount of matter in an object. | Mass |
| _______ is the force exerted on the mass of an object by the full of gravity. | weight |
| The expression of a number as the product of a digit term and an exponential term, such as 3.07 x 10^15 | Scientific notation |
| a non-zero digit, followed by a decimal point and any other digits. | digit term |
| The number 10 raised to a power, called the _______. In 3.07 x 10^15, 10^15 | exponential term. |
| The digits that are certain, plus 1 that is uncertain is called ___________. | significan figures |
| All __________ _______ are significan figures. | non-zero digits |
| _________ (to the left of non-zero digit) are place-holders. They are _____ significant figures. | leading zeros; not |
| ________ ______ (to the right of the last non-zero digit) are significant figures, IF the number has a ________ ________ _______. | Trailing zeros; written decimal point |
| When adding or subtracting, the sum or difference should have as many _____ _______ as the term that has the _____ decimal places. | decimal places; fewest |
| When multiplying or dividing, the products or qoutient should has as many ________ ______ as the factor that has the ______ significant figures. | significant figures; fewest |
| What are the basic units of length, mass, volume, time, and temperature? | meter (m), gram (g), liter (L), second (s), degree celcius (°C) and kelvin (K). |
| A ______ is the mass of 1 cm^3 of water at its maximum density (4°C). | gram |
| A _____ is the volume of 1kg of water at 4°C. | liter |
| 1 m = ___ dm | 10 dm |
| 1 m = ___ cm | 100 cm |
| 1 km = ____ m | 1000 m |
| 1 m = ___ mm | 1000 mm |
| 1 kg = ___ g | 1000 g |
| 1 g = ____ mg | 1000 mg |
| 1 L = ____ mL | 1000 mL |
| 1 m³ = ____ cm³ | 1,000,000 cm³ |
| 1 mL = ____ cm³ = ___ cc | 1 cm³; 1 cc |
| What is the formula of density? | d = m/v |
| All _____ we know has energy. | matter |
| Energy | the ability to do work. |
| What are the two classification of energy? | kinetic and potential energy |
| the energy possesed by matter due to its motion. | Kinetic energy |
| potential energy | energy that is stored in matter. |
| the form of energy that flows from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature; it is associated with the ___ of the particles in a substance. | Heat; motion |
| Energy, particularly heat, can be measured ______. | calories (cal) |
| ______ the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of pure water 1°C. | calories |
| Since the calorie is not a lot of heat, the _______ is often used. | kilocalories (kcal) |
| 1 kal = _____ cal | 1000 cal |
| The SI unit for both energy and work is the _____. | joule (J) |
| 1 cal = _____ J | 4.184 J |
| 1 kJ = ____ J | 1000 J |
| What are the temperature scales? | °F, °C, and K. |
| formula of Kelvin to Celcius | K = °C + 273.15 |
| formula of Celcius to Kelvin | °C = K - 273.15 |
| ______ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1°C. | specific heat (SH) |
| heat = (mass)(specific heat)(change in temp.) | q = (m)(SH)(ΔT) |
| How to calculate change of the temperature? | ΔT = T2 - T1 |
| Uniform composition, appearace, and properties throughout is called ______. | homogeneous |
| Not uniform in composition throughout is called ______. | heterogeneous |
| 2 or more substances, each of which retains its identity and characteristic properties, so that can be separated by physical means is called _____. | mixture |
| _____ is a homogeneous mixture. | solution |
| A form of matter with a definite, fixed composition is called _______. | (pure) substance |
| a pure substance that is composed of 2 or more elements chemically combined in definite proportions is called _______. | compound |
| A pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by physical or chemical means is called ______. | element |
| has both a definite shape and a definite volume is called ______. | solid |
| has definite volume, but not a definite shape; it take shape of its container is called _____. | liquid |
| has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume; it takes the shape and volume of its container. | gas |
| liquids and gases are collctively called _____ because they do not have a definite shape, they are able to flow. | fluids |
| A change that does not alter the identity of the substance is called ______. | physical change |
| a process that involves a change in the composition or structure of the substance is called ______. | chemical change |
| conversion of matter from one state to another is called ____. | changes of state |
| change from a solid to a liguid is called _____, and occurs at the ______ (mp). | melting; melting point |
| the temperature at which the particles in the solid gain sufficient energy to overcome the attractive forces that hold them together is called _____. | melting point (mp) |
| _______ changing from a liquid to a solid, occurs at the _____ (fp). | freezing; freezing point |
| the temperature at which the particles in the liquid slow down enough that the attractve forces pull the particles close together is called _____. | freezing point. |
| ______ is energy needed at the melting point to separate the particles of a solid; also, energy ________ when the liquid freezes. | heat of fusion; released |
| heat = (mass)(heat of fusion) | q = (m)(ΔHfus) |
| liquid molecules with sufficient energy escape from the liquid surface and enter the gas phase is called ______. | evaporating |
| Gas bubbles form throughout the liquid, rise to the surface, and escape is called ______, which occurs at the _____. | boiling; boiling point (bp) |
| Gas molecules cool, slow down, lose kinetic energy, and convert to liquid is called _____. | condensation |
| the temperature at which all the molecules of the liquid have the energy needed to change in to a gas is called ______. | boiling point. |
| energy needed to vaporize exactly 1 g of liquid to gas at its boiling point; also, energy released when the gas condensed is called _____. | heat of vaporization |
| heat = (mass)(heat of vaporization) | q = (m)(ΔHvap) |
| changing from a solid directly to a gas without going through the liquid state is called _____. | sublimation |
| a graph that illustrate, visually, changes of state as heat is added called ______. | heating curve |
| a graph that illustrate, visullay, changes of state as heat is removed called ______. | cooling curve |
Created by:
lhen
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