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CA Early Infancy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Habituation | attention decreases after 1st exposure |
| dishabituation | slight change in original stimulus, increases attention |
| reflexes | automatic responses, usually disappear within a few months while some return as more complex behavior, evolution, absence of reflex could mean brain damage |
| babinski reflex | curl toes, putting feet on ground |
| moro reflex | loud noise or dropped feeling |
| palmar grasping reflex | grip so tight, can lift a kid up by his fingers |
| rooting reflex | turn toward cheek being stroked |
| stepping reflex | start stepping when being controlled walking |
| imitation | can imitate simple expressions on the human face, opening mouth and sticking out tongue, |
| smiling | biological & social |
| biological smiling | during REM sleep, same brain patterns as when awake |
| social smiling | learn from environment, interaction and feedback needed, critical period |
| biological-maturation | natural biological stages, brain matures over time, shift from reflex to coordinated movement |
| environmental learning | classical and operating conditioning |
| classical conditioning | neutral stimulus associated with another stimulus leading to a reflexive response, pavlov with bell |
| operant conditioning | behavior followed by a stimulus that will influence the probability of the behavior occurring again |
| reinforcement | increase behavior |
| punishment | decrease behavior |
| constructivist | biological-maturation, environmental influence and child's effect on the environment |
| Paiget | schemas, assimilation, accommodation |
| schemas | born with schemas, become more complex |
| assimilation | add information to existing schemas |
| accommodation | does not fit so need new categories |
| Stages | sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational |
| cultural context | cultural variations, mothers contribution, culutural designs for living, active contribution of others |