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pht 101 c4p7
chapter 4 part 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ototoxicity (damage organs of hearing) such as | Equilibrium problems, Tinnitus, & Permanent deafness |
| Aminoglycosides are Dosed 1x/daily instead of | 2 to 3x/daily |
| Less frequent dosing of Aminoglycosides may | reduce toxicity |
| Less Aminoglycosides accumulates in | kidneys and ears |
| Less Aminoglycosides Simplifies | drug monitoring |
| Trough levels should be checked before second dose of Aminoglycosides | to confirm drug elimination |
| Cyclic Lipopetides Bind bacterial membranes causing | cell membrane to depolarize |
| Cyclic Lipopetides Leads to | Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis & Bacterial death |
| Cyclic Lipopetides | daptomycin (Cubicin) |
| do not take Cyclic Lipopetides with | statins |
| sulfonamides | sulfa drugs; a class of bacteriostatic antibiotics that work by blocking a specific step in the biosynthetic pathway of folic acid in bacteria |
| penicillin | a class of antibiotics obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum; kill bacteria by preventing them from forming a rigid cell wall, thereby allowing an excessive amount of water to enter through osmosis and cause lysis of the bacterium cell |
| cephalosporin | a class of antibiotics with a mechanism of action similar to that of penicillins, but with a different antibacterial spectrum, resistance to beta-lactamase, and pharmacokinetics; divided into first-, second-, third-, and fourth-generation agents |
| community-acquired | an infection contracted in the community, not in the hospital |
| NS | normal saline |
| D5W | dextrose 5% in water |
| tetracycline | a class of broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics that are produced by soil organisms and inhibit protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes |
| chelation | combination with a metal in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring |
| macrolide | a class of bacteriostatic antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by combining with ribosomes; used primarily to treat pulmonary infections caused by Legionella and gram-positive organisms |
| ketolide | a class of antibiotics that block protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits and may also inhibit the formation of newly forming ribosomes; used primarily to treat bacterial infections in the lungs and sinuses |
| quinolone | a class of antibiotics with rapid bactericidal action against most gram-negative and many gram-positive bacteria; work by causing DNA breakage and cell death; cross the blood-brain barrier |
| streptogramin | a class of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis within the bacterial ribosomes; useful in the treatment of vancomycin- and methicillin-resistant infections |
| aminoglycoside | a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits; commonly used to treat serious infections |
| sepsis | a systemic inflammatory response to infection resulting from blood-borne infections |
| nephrotoxicity | destructive to the kidneys |
| ototoxicity | damaging the organs of hearing |
| cyclic lipopeptide | a new class of drugs that bind to bacterial membranes and cause the cell membrane to depolarize, thus leading to an inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| Five important antibiotics are structurally distinct from | Those in other classes & Each other |
| Antibiotics Independent of Class are | clindamycin (Cleocin), linezolid (Zyvox), metronidazole (Flagyl), pentamidine (NebuPent, Pentam), & vancomycin (Vancocin) |
| vancomycin (Vancocin) have Bacterial resistance increasing due to | overuse |
| vancomycin (Vancocin) have Strict CDC guidelines for | handling and use |
| clindamycin (Cleocin) have Broad-spectrum antibiotic used for | Acne, Penicillin alternative in dental prophylaxis, Anaerobic pneumonia, Bone and bowel infections, & Female genital and intra-abdominal infections |
Created by:
moekah
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