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Leach PSY chapter2
Leach PSY chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| construct | assumed to be present but cannot be seen or measured directly |
| hypothesis | a prediction or assumption about behavior that is tested through scientific research |
| replicate | to repeat a research study, usually with different participants and in different situations, to confirm the results of the original study |
| survey | a research technique for acquiring data about the attitudes or begaviors of a group of people, usually by asking questions of a representative, random sample |
| target population | the total group to be studied or described and from whom samples may be drawn |
| sample | a representative segment of a target population |
| random sample | a survey population, selected by chance, which fairly represents the general population |
| stratified sample | a sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in the general population |
| bias | a predisposition to a certain point of view |
| volunteer bias | the concept that people who volunteer to participate in research studies often differ from those who do not volunteer |
| case study | an in-depth study of a single person or group to reveal some universal principle |
| longitudinal method | a type of research in which the same people are studied over a long time period |
| cross-sectional method | a method of research that looks at different age groups at the same time in order to understand changes that occur during the life span |
| naturalistic observation | the study of behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation or control on the part of the observer |
| laboratory observation | the study of behavior in a controlled situation |
| correlation | the relationship between variables |
| positive correlation | a relationship between variables in which one variable increases as the other variable also increases |
| negative correlation | an unpleasant stimulus between two variables in which one variable increases as the other variable decreases |
| experiment | a controlled scientific procedure to determine whether certain variables manipulated by the researcher have an effect on other variables |
| variables | factors that are measured or controlled in a scientific study |
| independent variable | the factor that is manipulated by the researcher to determine its effect on another variable |
| dependent variable | in an experiment, the factor that is being measured and that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable |
| experimental group | in a study, the participants who receive the treatment |
| control group | in an experiment, the group that does not receive the treatment |
| controlled experiment | an experiment that uses both a control group and an experimental group to determine whether the independent variable influences behavior and, if so, how it does so |
| placebo | an inert substance used in controlled experiments to test the effectiveness of another substance |
| single-blind study | a study in which the participants are unaware of whether they are in the control group or the experimental group |
| double-blind study | an experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo |
| standard deviation | a measure of distance of every score to the mean |
| ethics | rules and standards for proper and responsible behavior |
| informed consent | an agreement by an individual to participate in research after receiving information about the purpose of the study and the nature of the treatment |
Created by:
CoachLeach
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