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Pharm - Ch. 05
Pharmacodynamics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is pharmacodynamics? | Study of physiological effects of drugs on the body |
| What is the difference between maximal efficacy and relative potency? | Max efficacy refers to largest response that a drug can produce whereas relative potency describes the amount of drug needed to produce a certain response |
| List the types of receptor families | Cell membrane-embedded enzymes, ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein couple receptor, transcription factors |
| True or false: binding of drugs to their receptors is almost always reversible | True |
| What is a receptor? | Any functional macromolecule in a cell which a drug binds to produce its effects. Allow selectivity to be possible |
| Can drugs give cells new functions? | No. Can only mimic or block action of body's own regulatory molecules |
| What is the definition of ligand? | General term referring to molecule produced in body or exogenous compounds (drugs) that bind to activate receptors |
| List a G-protein couple receptor examples | ACh binding to a muscarinic receptor |
| List examples of chemicals that use transcription factors | Estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoids. Drugs using these take longest to develop |
| If a drug binds to only one type of receptor, is it selective? | If the receptor regulates a few processes it is selective. If the receptor regulates multiple processes, then effects of drugs are nonselective |
| What is a partial agonist? | Produce partial effect similar to activating receptor. Can also be a partial antagonist by preventing full response through competition |
| True or false: noncompetitive antagonists bind irreversibly to receptor | True |
| True or false: a noncompetitive antagonist would increase the maximal achievable response | False. It would decrease the maximal achievable response by binding to receptor and inactivating it, reducing number of receptors that can activate to elicit response. |
| Most antagonists are what type? | Competitive |
| What are examples of drug responses that do NOT involve receptors? | Antacids, antiseptics, saline laxatives, chelating agents |
| Define ED50 | Dose required to produce therapeutic response in 50% of population |
| How does desensitization occur? | Continuous exposure of cells to agonists can cause down-regulation |
| Continuous exposure to antagonists results in | Hypersensitivity |
| What is the formula for therapeutic index? | LD50/ED50 |
Created by:
choel
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