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pht 101 c2p3

chapter 2 part 3

QuestionAnswer
agonist drugs that bind to a particular receptor site and trigger the cell's response in a manner similar to the action of the body's own chemical messenger
antagonist drugs that bind to a receptor site and block the action of the endogenous messenger or other drugs; used to reverse benzodiazepine or narcotic overdoses
lipid a fatty molecule, an important constituent of cell membranes
solubility a drug's ability to dissolve in body fluids
pharmacokinetics the activity of a drug within the body over a period of time; includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
absorption the process whereby a drug enters the circulatory system
distribution the process by which a drug moves from the blood into other body fluids and tissues and ultimately to its sites of action
metabolism the process by which drugs are chemically converted to compounds and then excreted through metabolic pathways
metabolite a substance into which a drug is chemically converted in the body
induction the process whereby a drug increases the concentration of certain enzymes that affect the pharmacologic response to another drug
inhibition the process whereby a drug blocks enzyme activity and impairs the metabolism of another drug
elimination removal of a drug or its metabolites from the body by excretion
clearance the rate at which a drug is eliminated from a specific volume of blood per unit of time
dose the quantity of a drug administered at one time
ceiling effect a point at which no clinical response occurs with increased dose
bioavailability the degree to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the target tissue after administration
first-pass effect the extent to which a drug is metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation
therapeutic range the optimum dose, providing the best chance for successful therapy; dosing below this range has little effect on the healing process while overdosing can lead to toxicity and death
duration of action the length of time a drug gives the desired response or is at the therapeutic level
loading dose amount of drug that will bring the blood concentration to a therapeutic level quickly
volume of distribution mathematical relationship between the blood concentration attained & the amount of drug administered
maintenance dose amount of drug given at regular intervals to keep blood concentration therapeutic
pharmacokinetic modeling a method of describing the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of a drug within the body
Therapeutic Effect action for which the drug is prescribed or the desired pharmacological action of a drug in the treatment of a particular disease state or symptom
Local Effect confined to a specific part of the body or an action of a drug that is confined to a specific part of the body
Systemic Effect generalized, all-inclusive effect on entire body
Indications the diseases, symptoms, and conditions for which the drug is known to be of benefit
Contraindications the diseases, symptoms, and conditions for which the drug will not be beneficial and may do harm
Side Effects are the secondary responses to a drug other than the primary therapeutic effect for which the drug was intended such as allergic responses & drug dependence, addiction, abuse, and tolerance
Created by: moekah
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