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Pharm - Ch. 13

Intro to PNS

QuestionAnswer
What neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic neurons of PNS and SNS? Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine is released by ALL postganglionic neurons of what NS? Parasympathetic
True or False: Postganglionic neurons of SNS innervating sweat glands release epinephrine as their NT False. Acetylcholine is released.
The principal NT released by adrenal medulla Epinephrine
True or false Only some motor neurons to skeletal muscles release acetylcholine as transmitter False. All do.
Where are nicotinicN receptors located? On cell bodies of all postganglionic neurons of PNS and SNS. Also located on cells of adrenal medulla
Where are nicotinicM receptors located? On skeletal muscle
Where are muscarinic receptors located? On all organs regulated by PNS and sweat glands
Where are adrenergic receptors located? On all organs except sweat glands regulated by SNS. Also on organs regulated by epinephrine.
What is the relationship between nicotinicN and epinephrine? NictonicN receptors activated by ACh promotes release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla
Where are the alpha1 receptors located? Eyes, blood vessels, male sex organs, prostatic capsule, bladder
List the responses to alpha1 activation increases the size of the pupil (causing mydriasis), constricts veins and arterioles, promotes ejaculation, and prevents bladder voiding
List the responses to muscarinic activation Increase glandular secretion (pulmonary, gastric, intestinal, sweat glands), contracts smooth muscle in bronchi/GI, slows HR, contracts muscles in pupil for near vision, promotes bladder voiding
What is the effect of nicotinicN activation? Promotes transmission at all autonomic ganglia and promotes release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla
What is the effect of nicotinicM activation? Contraction of skeletal muscle
Where are alpha2 receptors located? Presynaptic nerve terminals
What is the effects of alpha2 receptor activation? Inhibition of transmitter release.
Where are beta1 receptors located? Heart and kidneys
What are the effects of beta1 receptor activation? Increase HR, force of myocardial contraction, and conduction velocity through AV node. Promotes release of renin by kidney
Where are beta2 receptors located? Arterioles of heart, lung, skeletal muscle. On the bronchi, skeletal muscles, uterus, liver.
What are the effects of beta2 receptor actiation? Dilates bronchi, relax uterine smooth muscle, increases glycogenolysis, enhances contraction of skeletal muscle, dilates arterioles
Which NT binds to all alpha and beta receptors? Epinephrine
Norepinephrine binds to which receptors? alpha1, alpha2, beta1 ONLY
ACh binds to which receptors? nicotinicN, nicotinicM, muscarinic
How is neurotranmission at cholinergic junctions terminated? By degradation of ACh by acetylcholinesterase
How is neurotransmission terminated at adrenergic junctions? By reuptake of intact norepinephrine into nerve terminals, which is then stored in vesicles for reuse or destroyed by monoamine oxidase
What are the five basic steps of synaptic transmission? Transmitter synthesis, storage, release, binding to its receptors, and termination of transmitter action by dissociation (transmitter removed from receptor, followed by reuptake/degradation)
Created by: choel
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