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EP U1 Reading Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| educational psychology | the discipline concerned with teaching and learning processes; applies the methods and theories of psychology and has its own as well |
| descriptive studies | studies that collect detailed information about specific situations, often using observation, surveys, interviews, recordings, or a combination of these methods |
| ethnography | a descriptive approach to research that focuses on life within a group and tries to understand the meaning of events to the people involved |
| participant observation | a method for conducting descriptive research in which the researcher becomes a participant in the situation in order to better understand life in that group |
| case study | intensive study of one person or one situation |
| correlation | statistical descriptions of how closely two variables are related |
| positive correlation | a relationship between two variables in which the two increase or decrease together. Example: calorie intake and weight gain |
| negative correlation | a relationship between two variables in which a high value on one is associated with a low value on the other. Example: height and distance from top of head to the ceiling |
| experimentation | research method in which variables are manipulated and the effects recorded |
| subjects | people or animals studied |
| random | without any definite pattern; following no rule |
| statistically significant | not likely to be a chance occurrence |
| single-subject experimental studies | systematic interventions to study effects with one person, often by applying then withdrawing a treatment |
| microgenetic studies | detailed observation and analysis of changes in a cognitive process as the process unfolds over a several day or week period of time |
| principle | established relationship between factors |
| theory | integrated statement of principles that attempts to explain a phenomenon and make predictions |
| action research | a form of self-reflective inquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of their own practices, their understanding of these practices, and the situations in which the practices are carried out |
| behaviorism | all learning is behavior and all behaviors are acquired through conditioning |
| Information processing | how do learners operate on information? |
| store model | we store information in our sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory for later processing |
| situated learning | learning happens through (un)conscious adoption of the behaviors and belief systems of social groups |
| distributed cognition | thinking and learning are distributed across individuals, objects, and tools in the environment |
| community of practice | group of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly |
| authentic activities | coherent, meaningful, and purposeful activities that are ordinary practices of the culture |
| cognitive artifacts | objects/tools in the environment designed to represent knowledge (information) |
| stimulus | a sign that triggers a response |
| conditioned stimulus | previously neutral but eventually triggers a conditioned response |
| conditioned response | a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus |
| operant conditioning | focus on strengthening/weakening voluntary behaviors |
| extinction | gradual weakening of a response |
| (cognitive) argument | a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating the truth or falsehood of something through using one or more statements that provide support for a conclusion |
| rebuttal | counterargument |
| qualifier | constraint placed on the claim you are making |
| warrant | supports the data |
| backing | elaboration of the warrant |
| egocentric thought | thinking about the world in terms of your own perspective |
| equilibration | balance between mental state and experience |
| schema | mental representation of associated ideas or principles |
Created by:
Jean-O
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