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CA Genetics & Enviro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genotype | your DNA sequence, genetic level, Female XX, Male XY |
| Phenotype | physical, psychological, or behavioral expression of genes, expression of oneself, sex change effects this |
| environment and culture | effects phenotype, can't change genetics |
| allele | gene that influences a specific trait |
| homozygous | two of the exact same alleles |
| heterozygous | two different alleles |
| heterozygous dominant | characteristics expressed |
| heterozygous recessive | not expressed, two recessives needed in order to be expressed, can be a carrier. |
| Phenotypes | not all phenotypes are due to one set of allele |
| Codominance | one alleles is no dominate over another, the phenotypes is seen for both, ex. AB blood type |
| Polygenic | multiple genes effect displayed characteristics, ex. Hair Color where both traits exist |
| Mutations | error in gene replication or division, can be natural, missing or extra genes, part of evolution-lasting effects |
| genetic imprinting | chemically marked to tell which parent it came from, not sex-linked, ex. Huntington Disease- dominant, CNS degenerations |
| Down Syndrome | Trisomy 21- 3 copies of chromosome 21, cardiovascular, weight gain, mental retardation, treatment, prescreening, campaign |
| Sickle-cell anemia | blood cells in sickle shape, clog vessels, enlarge heart, incomplete dominance, heterozygous, resistance to malaria |
| Sex-linked genetics | 23rd pair the XX or XY, father determines sex of child, some things only affected by X/Y, some disorders linked to particular sex chrom, |
| red-green colorblindness | X linked trait, 2 recessive in females, more common in males, need it on each chromosome to show |
| Kleinfelter Syndrom | males born with extra X (XXY), low testosterone, puberty suppressed, sterile, speech and language problems, |
| Turner's Syndrome | 1 in 2500 females, born with one X or missing part of one X, males missing the X don't survive, physical problems, psychological problems |
| Eugenics | sterilization, american movement, Nazi's, self directed human evolution, today different-welfare, people with mental retardation |
| Plasticity | brain shaped by experiences, connections we don't use weakens |
| critical period | language, smiling-social smile |
| sensitive periods | optimal time to learn something, less rigid, social/emotional response |
| multi-factorial inheritance | physical traits influenced by genes and environment |
| behavioral genetics | genes and environment interaction |
| range of reaction | ex. height range |
| heritability | how much influence is from genes alone |
| family studies | household comparisons |
| twin studies | twins compared to other family members |
| adoption studies | children separated at birth, don't often have twins, |
| problems with kinship studies | twins-monozygotic, dizygotic, within group first then compare |
Created by:
stophammertime1290
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