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pht 101 c2p1
chapter 2 part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drugs work by a variety of | chemical mechanisms |
| Body continually fights to maintain | a state of homeostasis (stability) |
| Homeostasis is achieved by a system of | control and feedback mechanisms |
| Drugs can be used to restore | and maintain homeostasis |
| Cells communicate through the action of chemical messengers, which they | produce and send into extracellular fluids |
| Some chemical messengers | are histamine, prostaglandin, & bradkinin |
| Messengers recognize and communicate with target cells via | receptors (or specific protein molecules) |
| A receptor site may | have specificity |
| Affinity is the strength by which a particular chemical messenger | binds to its receptor site or cell |
| Drugs act like chemical messengers to perform | their specific actions in the body |
| By binding to receptors on or within body cells, drugs can | mimic or block the action of chemical messengers |
| By binding to receptors on or within body cells, drugs can also | exert powerful and specific actions in the body |
| Agonist drugs bind to a particular receptor and | trigger the same cellular response as the body’s own chemical messenger |
| Antagonist drugs compete to block the action of | the endogenous messenger |
| Some drugs produce their effects by | embedding themselves in cell membranes |
| Cell membranes are made up mostly of | lipids, which repel water |
| Effectiveness of these drugs is related to | their lipid solubility |
| Some drugs combine with specific molecules in the body such as | enzymes, transport proteins, and nucleic acids (for example, some antidepressants) |
| Some drugs act without any direct interaction within | the cell (for example, Mannitol interferes osmotically with water reabsorption by the kidneys) |
| Pharmacokinetics is the activity of a drug within | the body over a period of time |
| Pharmacokinetics includes ADME which | is absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug |
| Pharmacokinetics also includes the metabolites of | a drug in relation to the time they are in the body |
| ADME is absorption into the liver, distribution to the organs and tissues, | metabolism from biotransformation by the liver, and elimination of waste by kidney and intestine |
| Absorption | process whereby a drug enters the circulatory system |
| Distribution | process by which a drug moves from the blood into other body fluids and tissues and to its sites of action |
| Blood flow is a | rate-limiting factor |
| Metabolism | process by which drugs are chemically converted to compounds and then excreted through metabolic pathways |
| Metabolite is substance into which | a drug is converted by metabolism |
| Induction | drugs enhance drug metabolism |
| Inhibition | drugs decrease drug metabolism |
Created by:
moekah
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