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mod21-23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| unconditioned response | classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus, such as salvation when food is in the mouth |
| associative learning | learning that certain events occur together |
| classical conditioning | type of learning when an organism comes to associate stimuli. a neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus, begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus. |
| learning | a relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience |
| behaviorism | the view that psychology should 1)be an objective science that 2)studies behavior without reference to mental process. most people today agree with 1 and not 2 |
| unconditioned stimulus | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically triggers a response |
| conditioned response | in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral but conditioned stimulus |
| conditioned stimulus | in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response |
| acquisition | the initial stage in classical conditioning: the phase that associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. |
| extinction | the diminishing of a conditioned response: occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditional stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus. |
| spontaneous recovery | the reappearance after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response. |
| generalization | the tendency, once a response has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. |
| discrimination | in classical conditioning the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and and stimulus that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. |
| associative learning | learning that certain events occur together... a response and its consequences in opertant conditioning |
| opertant conditioning | a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcement of diminished if followed by a punisher |
| respondent behavior | behavior that occurs as a automatic response to some stimulus's.skinners term for behavior learned through classical conditioning |
| operant behavior | behavior that operates on the environment producing consequences |
| law of effect | thorndikes principal that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors that are followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely |
| operant chamber | chamber also known as the skinner box,contains bar or key that allows animal to obtain food or water. records attempts and is used in operant conditioning research |
| learning | a relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience |
| shaping | operant conditioning procedure in which reinforces guide behavior towards closer and closer approximation of the desired behavior. |
| reinforcer | in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows. |
| positive reinforcement | increasing behavior by presenting positive stimuli such as food. when presented after a response, strengthens the response. |
| negative reinforcement | any stimulus that when removed after a response, strengthens it... shock |
| primary reinforcement | initially reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfys a biological need |
| conditioned reinforcer | gains reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer... aka secondary reinforcer |
| continuous reinforcement | reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs |
| partial intermittent reinforcement | reinforcing a response only part of the time, results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement |
| fixed ratio schedule | in operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific number of responses |
| variable ratio schedule | operant conditioning, reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after unpredictable # of responses |
| fixed interval schedule | operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific time has elapsed |
| variable interval schedule | schedule that reinforces response at unpredictable time intervals. |
| punishment | an even that decreases the behavior that it follows |
| cognitive map | a mental representation of the layout of ones envirionment |
| latent learning | learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it |
| intrinsic motivation | desire to preform for your own sake |
| extrinsic motivation | desire to preform bc of reward or punishment |
| observational learning | learning by observing others |
| modeling | the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior |
| mirror neurons | frontal lobe neurons that fire when preforming certain actions or when observing others. enables imitation,lang learning and empathy |
| pro social behavior | positive constructive helpful behavior opposite of anti social |
Created by:
tmorley
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